Lecture 7 Appearance related concerns Flashcards
definition of beauty
“a combination of qualities such as shape colour or form that pleases the aesthetic senses, especially the sight
What are the benefits of being beautiful
- occupational success
- more dating and sexual experience
- better physical health
- more extroverted
- higher self confidence
- treated more favourably
How do social norms affect peoples appearance ?
People usually aim to attain the socially acceptable image. If they succeed they feel satisfied
What is body image?
A persons perceptions, thought, and feelings about her or his body
What are some sources or types of body dissatisfaction?
ON TEST
-body weight
-body shape
-body size
-skin colour
-( not main -
pregnancy/disability)
What disorders are related to body dissatisfaction?
- Anorexia nervosa
- Bulimia nervosa
- Binge eating disorder
What are some weight loss related practises?
- Dieting
- Binge eating
- Purging (vomiting, laxatives etc)
- Meal replacement shakes
- Surgeries
- Extreme exercise
Weight gain related practices
- Fattening
- Remaining inactive, abstaining from work
What is anorexia nervosa
- <85% ideal body weight
- distorted body image
- engage in restricting/bingeing behaviours
What is Bulimia nervosa
- severe preoccupation about weight and body shape
- recurrent episodes of binge eating with self-induces vomiting to prevent weight gain
- most common in women (20 and 30’s)
- usually appear physically normal (may have low self esteem and depressive thoughts
what is fattening: forced feeding?
- girls are forced to eat or swallow large amounts of food,
- Physical punishment if refuse to eat
- if vomiting occurs they must re-consume vomit
What are the health effects of fattening?
- obesity/over-weight
- increased risk of chronic illness
- Psychological disorders (e.g. PTSD)
- psychological distress in younger children
What are the types of surgery used to correct body dissatisfaction and their complications?
- Cosmetic, Augmentation and reduction surgeries
- bleeding, infection, scarring, disfigurement..etc
What are common practises for skin colour dissatisfaction?
- skin tanning (spray, sun, tan bed…)
- skin bleaching
- Tanorexia (compulsive tanning)
- tanning for special event
What are other forms of body modification?
- Body building
- Body piercings
- Shaving/waxing
- Hair dyeing
- Nail polish
- botox
What are the factors shaping body image?
ON TEST
- Socio-demographic factors (age, gender, financial status…)
- Ethno-cultural factors (cultural practises e.g. lip-plate, tribal markings…)
- Religious factors (tattooing…)
how does age affect body image issues?
Young age- ideas of dieing
Teens - eating disorders, start of body implants
20-24 - more concern with image
Middle age: frquent tanners
Older people - age related cosmetic surgeries (face-lift/resurfacing)
How does gender influence body image?
More women than men are -concerned with body image -having eating disorders -tan intentionally (men who have sex with me intentionally tan unlike straight men who do it un-intentionally)
what are the Psycho-social factors shaping body image (ON TEST)
- Low self-esteem
- Relating media messages to yourself
- Social-comparisons (upward and downward physical appearance comparisons)
- Social comparison Model
What is upward social comparison?
ON TEST
people compare themselves with those people who they believe are better than them and are seeking ways that they can achieve similar results
What is downward social comparison?
ON TEST
people compare themselves to other who are worse off than themselves. Makes people feel better about themselves.
What is the social-comparison model?
Individuals tend to rate and evaluate themselves through comparisons with others
What is the tripartite influence model?
ON TEST
proposes that three formative influences (PEER, PARENTS AND MEDIA) affect body image and eating problems through two meditational mechanisms: internalisation of the thin-ideal and appearance comparison process
What is the sheMarketing Maximisation model?
Ten step approach to attracting, retaining and maximising loyal female customer base. Taking advantage that women control 80% of household funds, and are earning more.
What are the two social theories for body image?
- Theory of the unconscious body image (body image comprises a living synthesis of peoples emotional experiences)
- Social learning Theory (people learn from others)
What are the two biological theories for body image?
- Genetic predisposition (e.g. anorexia runs in families)
- Hormonal predisposition (early development)
How can we indicate body image dissatisfaction and associated behaviours ?
- Survey questionnaires
- Figure rating scales
