Lecture 7 Appearance related concerns

Question 1

definition of beauty

Answer 1

“a combination of qualities such as shape colour or form that pleases the aesthetic senses, especially the sight

Question 2

What are the benefits of being beautiful

Answer 2

• occupational success
• more dating and sexual experience
• better physical health
• more extroverted
• higher self confidence
• treated more favourably

Question 3

How do social norms affect peoples appearance ?

Answer 3

People usually aim to attain the socially acceptable image. If they succeed they feel satisfied

Question 4

What is body image?

Answer 4

A persons perceptions, thought, and feelings about her or his body

Question 5

What are some sources or types of body dissatisfaction?

ON TEST

Answer 5

-body weight
-body shape
-body size
-skin colour
-( not main -
pregnancy/disability)

Question 6

What disorders are related to body dissatisfaction?

Answer 6

• Anorexia nervosa
• Bulimia nervosa
• Binge eating disorder

Question 7

What are some weight loss related practises?

Answer 7

• Dieting
• Binge eating
• Purging (vomiting, laxatives etc)
• Meal replacement shakes
• Surgeries
• Extreme exercise

Question 8

Weight gain related practices

Answer 8

• Fattening

- Remaining inactive, abstaining from work

Question 9

What is anorexia nervosa

Answer 9

• <85% ideal body weight
• distorted body image
• engage in restricting/bingeing behaviours

Question 10

What is Bulimia nervosa

Answer 10

• severe preoccupation about weight and body shape
• recurrent episodes of binge eating with self-induces vomiting to prevent weight gain
• most common in women (20 and 30’s)
• usually appear physically normal (may have low self esteem and depressive thoughts

Question 11

what is fattening: forced feeding?

Answer 11

• girls are forced to eat or swallow large amounts of food,
• Physical punishment if refuse to eat
• if vomiting occurs they must re-consume vomit

Question 12

What are the health effects of fattening?

Answer 12

• obesity/over-weight
• increased risk of chronic illness
• Psychological disorders (e.g. PTSD)
• psychological distress in younger children

Question 13

What are the types of surgery used to correct body dissatisfaction and their complications?

Answer 13

• Cosmetic, Augmentation and reduction surgeries

- bleeding, infection, scarring, disfigurement..etc

Question 14

What are common practises for skin colour dissatisfaction?

Answer 14

• skin tanning (spray, sun, tan bed…)
• skin bleaching
• Tanorexia (compulsive tanning)
• tanning for special event

Question 15

What are other forms of body modification?

Answer 15

• Body building
• Body piercings
• Shaving/waxing
• Hair dyeing
• Nail polish
• botox

Question 16

What are the factors shaping body image?

ON TEST

Answer 16

• Socio-demographic factors (age, gender, financial status…)
• Ethno-cultural factors (cultural practises e.g. lip-plate, tribal markings…)
• Religious factors (tattooing…)

Question 17

how does age affect body image issues?

Answer 17

Young age- ideas of dieing
Teens - eating disorders, start of body implants
20-24 - more concern with image
Middle age: frquent tanners
Older people - age related cosmetic surgeries (face-lift/resurfacing)

Question 18

How does gender influence body image?

Answer 18

More women than men are
-concerned with body image
-having eating disorders
-tan intentionally
(men who have sex with me intentionally tan unlike straight men who do it un-intentionally)

Question 19

what are the Psycho-social factors shaping body image (ON TEST)

Answer 19

• Low self-esteem
• Relating media messages to yourself
• Social-comparisons (upward and downward physical appearance comparisons)
• Social comparison Model

Question 20

What is upward social comparison?

ON TEST

Answer 20

people compare themselves with those people who they believe are better than them and are seeking ways that they can achieve similar results

Question 21

What is downward social comparison?

ON TEST

Answer 21

people compare themselves to other who are worse off than themselves. Makes people feel better about themselves.

Question 22

What is the social-comparison model?

Answer 22

Individuals tend to rate and evaluate themselves through comparisons with others

Question 23

What is the tripartite influence model?

ON TEST

Answer 23

proposes that three formative influences (PEER, PARENTS AND MEDIA) affect body image and eating problems through two meditational mechanisms: internalisation of the thin-ideal and appearance comparison process

Question 24

What is the sheMarketing Maximisation model?

Answer 24

Ten step approach to attracting, retaining and maximising loyal female customer base. Taking advantage that women control 80% of household funds, and are earning more.

Question 25

What are the two social theories for body image?

Answer 25

• Theory of the unconscious body image (body image comprises a living synthesis of peoples emotional experiences)
• Social learning Theory (people learn from others)

Question 26

What are the two biological theories for body image?

Answer 26

• Genetic predisposition (e.g. anorexia runs in families)

- Hormonal predisposition (early development)

Question 27

How can we indicate body image dissatisfaction and associated behaviours ?

Answer 27

• Survey questionnaires

- Figure rating scales