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Biodiversity Lecture EMA > lecture 7&8 > Flashcards

lecture 7&8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Ecosystem?

A

a dynamic complex of plant, animal and microorganism communities and their non-living environment.
Can also be described as the biotic and abiotic components of the environment that interact as a functional unit.

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2
Q

What does a well defined ecosystem have?

A

Strong interactions among its components and week interactions across it’s boundaries

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3
Q

What are the 2 important aspects of an ecosystem

A

Its species and the functions within

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4
Q

What is Ecosystem Functioning?

A

The physical, chemical and biological processes or properties that contribute to the self-maintenance of the ecosystem
Basically how the ecosystem regulates itself

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5
Q

What are ecosystem processes?

A

the interactions and/or rates of change of a variable such as pollination, decomposition, water cycling, carbon cycling, nutrient cycling, etc.

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6
Q

List 2 key cycles in an ecosystem

A
  1. The water cycle
  2. The carbon cycle
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7
Q

What are ecosystem properties?

A

stable variables:
-Biomass
diverse descriptors of stability:
-Constancy
-Resistance
-Resilience

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8
Q

What are the descriptors of stability?

A

-Constancy
-Resistance
-Resilience

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9
Q

What is constancy in terms of an ecosystem?

A

The ability of an ecosystem to resist change in composition and abundance in response to disturbance
Basically living systems that remain unchanged

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10
Q

What is Resistance in terms of an ecosystem?

A

Systems resistance to a disturbance
Basically how little the variable of interest changes in response to external pressure.

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11
Q

What is Resilience in terms of an ecosystem?

A

It’s ability to recover
-rate of recovery to a previous state or rate to re-origanize itself

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12
Q

What enhances many ecosystem processes and properties?

A

High Biodiversity

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13
Q

Different organisms catching different energy resources means what?

A

Greater efficiency and higher productivity of ecosystems

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14
Q

What are the consequences of biodiversity loss?

A

The ecosystem becomes unsustainable

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15
Q

What does human disturbance cause on a marine ecosystem?

A

-Fishing
-Pollution
-Mechanical habitat destruction
-introduction of species and diseases
-climate change
THIS ALL LEADS TO ALTERED ECOSYSTEMS

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16
Q

How do we monitor state, pressure and responses fully within an ecosystem?

A

The ecosystem assessment framework

17
Q

What are surrogates in biodiversity?

A

a component of a system of concern that one can more easily measure or manage than others.
It is used as an indicator species for an attribute or trait.

18
Q

Why are surrogate measures used in biodiversity?

A

-complexity or difficulty in measuring the variable of interest.
-resource constraints in monitoring and management may require a more cost-effective yet useful way to assess the ecosystem.

19
Q

What is Biodiversity Indicators?

A

A statistical measure of biodiversity that helps scientists, managers and politicians understand the condition of biodiversity and the factors that affect it

20
Q

What are the key attributes of surrogates?

A

-cheap feasible ways to measure or manage
-representative of the species/process of interest
-respond in timely and predictable ways to changes in the environment.

21
Q

What can biodiversity indicators measure?

A

-population trends
-extent of habitats
-trends in the status of a threatened species
-trends in the impacts of a specific pressure (like fishing on fish stocks)
-coverage of protected areas

22
Q

some global biodiversity indicators (companies)

A

-Living Planet Index (LPI)
-Red List Index (RLI)
-IUCN Red List
-WWF
-Wild Bird Index
-Marine Trophic Index
-

23
Q

What is the CBD strategic plan for biodiversity goals?

A
  1. Have where feasible and bring close to 0 the rate of loss of habitats
  2. Establish a conservation target of 17% for terrestrial and inland waters and 10% for marine and coastal.
  3. Restore at least 15% of degraded areas
  4. Make special efforts to reduce the pressures faced by coral reefs
24
Q

How many species occur in Ireland?

A

> 31,000

25
Q

What are the objectives of Irelands 2022 national biodiversity plan?

A

1: Foster a Whole of Government, Whole of Society Approach to Biodiversity
2: Meet Urgent Conservation and Restoration Needs
3: Recognise Nature’s Contribution to People
4: Embed biodiversity at the heart of climate action
5: Enhance the Evidence Base for Action on Biodiversity
6: Strengthen Ireland’s Contribution to International Biodiversity Initiatives
7: Recognise Nature’s Contribution to People

Biodiversity Lecture EMA (2 decks)

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