lecture 7

Question 1

What does spinal cord carry, as part of function?

Answer 1

carry sensory information from skin/internal organs to brain

Carry motor commands from brain to motor neuron

Question 2

What does the spinal cord integrate

Answer 2

they integrate sensory information with descending motor commands.

Question 3

What affect does the spinal cord have on the limbs?

Answer 3

Spinal cord allow coordinated and rhythmic contractions of the limb muscles

Question 4

What does the spinal cord operate?

Answer 4

it operates the spinal reflexes muscle contraction and motor patterns?

Question 5

What are spinal reflexes important for?

Answer 5

Posture, movement and protection

Question 6

What does the spinal cord have autonomic control over?

Answer 6

major organs

Question 7

Which part of the spinal cord is the grey matter?

Answer 7

the inner part of the spinal cord

Question 8

what does the grey matter of the spinal cord carry?

Answer 8

neurons , interneurons and their connections

Question 9

what part of the spinal cord is white matter?

Answer 9

the outer part of the spinal cord

Question 10

what does the white matter of the spinal cord carry?

Answer 10

fibre tract

Question 11

what does the dendrites do?

Answer 11

the receive synaptic input

Question 12

what does the motor axon do?

Answer 12

travels in the peripheral nerve to the skeletal muscle

Question 13

Name the two principal motor pathways of the spinal cord

Answer 13

ipsilateral - neurons are on the same side

controlateral - neurons are opposite sides

Question 14

what does the corticospinal tract do?

Answer 14

controls fine moevment

Question 15

what does the rubrospinal tract do?

Answer 15

controls voluntary movment

Question 16

name a sensory tract in the spinal cord

Answer 16

the spinothalamic tract

Question 17

what does the spinothalamic tract do?

Answer 17

responsible for the transmission of pain and temperature and course touch from the body (via the spinal ganlion) and the face (via trigeminal ganlion) to the somatosensory region of the thalamus

Question 18

what is the dorsal-column lemniscal pathway.

Answer 18

sensory pathway of the spinal cord that conveys information of fine touch and joint sensation from the face and body

Question 19

what does the pelvic nerve contain (involving micturition)

Answer 19

contains the sensory afferent from bladder/sphincter and parasympathetic fibres to internal sphincter

Question 20

what does the hypogastric nerve contain (involving micturition)

Answer 20

contain sympathetic fibres from L2 to blabber and internal sphincter

Question 21

what does the pudendal nerve do

Answer 21

controls the voluntary pathway from brain to lower spinal cord (for micturition)

Question 22

what receptors is the bladder filling detected by

Answer 22

the stretch receptors in the bladders, sphincters and ureter

Question 23

what affect does the bladder filling have?

Answer 23

causes firing of afferents in pelvic nerve to brainstem and spinal cord

Question 24

what does the sympathetic efferent do when the bladder is filling?

Answer 24

inhibit urination by decreasing excitability of smooth muscle in bladder and increasing excitability of the internal sphincters

Question 25

when does the parasympathetic efferent get involved in the process of urination

Answer 25

when pressure rises in the bladder

Question 26

what does the parasympathetic efferents do, during process of urination?

Answer 26

they stimulate bladder smooth muscle and relax the internal sphincter

Question 27

what control is bladder emptying under?

Answer 27

it is under voluntary control in the corticospinal pathway

Question 28

what does the corticospinal pathway do, in process of urination

Answer 28

provides tonic control of the external sphincter

Question 29

what happens when urination takes place

Answer 29

voluntary system relaxes external sphincter, inhibits sympathetic efferents and stimulates the parasympathetic efferents