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Histology 2018 > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Endocrine Glands

A

epithelial downgrowth may degenerate, leaving the secretory tissue isolated from it’s parent epithelial layer

Lack ducts and secrete their own product (hormone) into surrounding blood vessels

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2
Q

give an example of an endocrine gland

A

Pituitary, thyroid, pineal, parathyroids, adrenals, gonads, liver, and pancreas

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3
Q

Define Exocrine Glands

A

the epithelial downgrowth may remain connected to the epithelial layer from which it originated

Retain their connection to the overlying epithelium in the form of one or more ducts

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4
Q

Give an example of an exocrine gland

A

Salivary glands, mammary glands, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, liver, and pancreas

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5
Q

what are the 4 types of glandular secretion? describe them

A

Exocrine: product transported via a ducts system (usually to the lumen or surface of an organ)

Endocrine: product is released directly into the blood in the absence of a duct

Paracrine: secretion product directly affects neighboring cells

Autocrine: secretion product affects the cell that released the product

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6
Q

what are the patterns of ductal branching? describe them

A

Simple and Compound

Simple: one duct
Compound: more than one duct

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7
Q

what are the types of secretory components that glands can have?

A

Tubular:

Alveolar (Acinar): flat shape, sort of like a erlenmeyer flask

Tubuloalveolar: mix of the 2

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8
Q

what are the 3 subdivisions of tubular types of secretory components in glands?

A

straight, coiled, and branched

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9
Q

What are the three types of Major salivary glands?

A

Parotid glands
Submandibular Glands
Sublingual Glands

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10
Q

Compare simple and compound styles of excretory ducts

A

Simple means “unbranched” so just one duct

Compound means branched

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11
Q

Describe Serous secretions and give an example

A

watery, enzyme filled secretion

Ex. Parotid salivary gland

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12
Q

Describe Mucous secretions

A

thick, mucin containing secretion

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13
Q

Describe serous-mucous secretions and give an example

A

combination of serous and mucus secretions

Ex. Submandibular and sublingual glands

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14
Q

Describe Merocrine secretion mechanism

A

secretory product is stored in membrane bound vesicles and the cytoplasm is retrieved in a cycle of exocytosis and endocytosis (cells isn’t really losing any cytoplasm)

Most glands use this mechanism

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15
Q

what is another name for merocrine?

A

eccrine

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16
Q

Describe Apocrine secretion mechanism

A

“a pop the top off” the apical cytoplasm is released along with the secretory product

Ex. Axillary sweat glands

17
Q

Describe Holocrine secretion mechanism

A

“holocaust” the entire cells is released as part of the secretory product (cell dies and loses all cytoplasm)
Ex. Sebaceous glands in hair follicles.

18
Q

Define Parenchyma

A

components of the gland that are derived from the epithelium (secretory units and ducts)
“Has high cellularity”

19
Q

Define Stroma

A

connective tissue that surrounds the gland and creates the partitions between lobules and lobes

20
Q

Describe the hierarchical structure of a compound gland in terms of lobes and lobules

A

Lobes: subdivision of a compound gland, separated by septae

Lobules: subdivision of a lobe, and are separated from one another by delicate septae

21
Q

Describe the hierarchical structure of a compound gland in terms of Acinus, Lobular ducts, Intralobular ducts, and interlobular ducts

A

Acinus
Interlobular ducts
Intralobular ducts
Lobular duct

22
Q

What are the 2 types of intralobular ducts?

A

○ Intercalated ducts: drain the secretory acini and are lined by simple squamous epithelium transitioning to low cuboidal epithelium
Striated ducts: actively reabsorb Na+ ions; passively reabsorb Cl- ions ; actively secrete K+ ions

23
Q

Define Acinus

A

secretory component of a lobules whose outer surface is covered by the basement membrane

Myoepithelial cells are sometimes found between the basement membrane and the acinus

May be serous, mucous, or sero-mucus

24
Q

Define Interlobular ducts. where are they found?

A

lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium and are formed by the confluence of 2 or more striated ducts (smaller one)

Found in septae

25
Q

Define Intralobular duct types and their function

A

Intercalated ducts: drain the secretory acini and are lined by simple squamous epithelium transitioning to low cuboidal epithelium

Striated ducts: actively reabsorb Na+ ions; passively reabsorb Cl- ions ; actively secrete K+ ions

26
Q

Where are intralobular ducts found?

A

they lie within lobules

27
Q

Describe lobular ducts in terms of cell type and precursor ducts

A

lined with stratified columnar epithelium and are formed by the confluence of 2 or more Intralobular ducts

28
Q

Describe parotid gland characteristics

A

composed of only serous acini

29
Q

Describe submandibular gland characteristics

A

composed of both mucous and serous acini but more serous acini are present

Serous demilunes are present

30
Q

Describe sublingual gland characteristics

A

composed of both mucous and serous acini but more mucous acini are present

31
Q

Define Serious demilunes

A

the crescent-shaped arrangement of serous acini around the mucous acini in submandibular glands

32
Q

Describe the secretory product of Parotid glands

A

serous (watery enzyme secretion) and it’s apical regions contain zymogen granules

33
Q

Describe the secretory product of submandibular glands

A

both serous and mucus secretions and myoepithelial cells surround the acini

Serous demilunes capping mucous acini are formed by serous cells

34
Q

describe the secretory products of sublingual glands

A

mucus acini (pale in appearance and PAS+) with myoepithelium cells surrounding them

Flattened nuclei at basal poles of cells

Histology 2018 (20 decks)

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