Lecture 7 Flashcards
Adult-onset dystonia, usually involves this part of the body?
Head, Neck, Face
Regarding the two axes of dystonia, this axis is based on the CAUSE of dystonia?
Axes 2
Focal dystonia affecting this part of the body is the most common?
Cervical Dystonia
This type of focal dystonia is the second most common and causes the eyelids to clench shut?
Blepharospasm
As with many of the movement disorders, in dystonia, it appears this part of the brain is most affected?
Basal Ganglia
As with many of the movement disorders, this treatment, which involves an injection to temporarily halt the release of acetylcholine is called?
Botox
Besides medications and physical therapy, this surgical procedure is helpful for many of the movement disorders and involves the placement of an electrode in the midbrain?
Deep Brain Stimulation
This, “involuntary, irregular, and unpredictable movements make it appear as if the affected person is dancing” is called?
Chorea
Kids and adolescents can develop this type of chorea after rheumatic fever, which is a complication of untreated strep throat?
Sydenham
This genetic disease is an autosomal dominant inheritable disease with the main sign of chorea?
Huntington’s Chorea
The disease described in #10 is due to a chromosomal abnormality leading to a “mutant” protein called?
Huntingtin Protein
This severe movement disorder which is caused by damage to the basal ganglia and often involves the proximal muscles may occur on both sides of the body or just one side?
Balismis
This cerebellar condition is characterized by, “poor muscle control that causes clumsy voluntary movements.”
Ataxia
This type of tremor is most common in Parkinson’s disease?
Resting Tremor
This movement disorder is characterized as, “involuntary writhing movements. These movements may be continuous, slow, and rolling?”
Athetosis
This movement disorder is characterized as, “painful muscle contractions and spasms that often begin in the legs and back.”
Stiff Person Syndrome
The condition in #16, is an autoimmune reaction whereby the body develops antibodies which ultimately limit the production of which neurotransmitter?
GABA
This condition is thought to be caused by an accumulation of a protein called α-synuclein which eventually leads to progressive deterioration of the brain.
Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)
This fatal movement disorder is thought to be caused by a build-up of tau proteins leading plaques in the brain. Early signs may be a tendency to fall backwards and have a vertical gaze?
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)
This movement disorder can lead to many organs being affected and persistent tremors and is thought to be a genetic disease which prevents a person from getting rid of excess copper?
Wilson’s Disease
This type of epilepsy is most common and is localized to one part of the brain?
Focal
Restless Leg Syndrome is common and thought to be due to an imbalance of which neurotransmitter?
Dopamine
To be diagnosed with this condition a person must, “have both motor and vocal tics and has had tic symptoms for at least a year.”
Tourette’s
