Lecture 7 Flashcards
National culture
Everything humans learn and share as members of a society
Key elements national culture
- Individualism
- Values
- Norms
- Rituals
- Customs
- Myths
Culture
label we apply to a very big cluster of associations.
When you move to a new place, you have to learn a new culture
Culture is learned
When you move to a new country, you need to learn a culture. learning through cognitive learning, classical conditioning, operant conditioning and modelling.
Example: In The Netherlands people greet with 3 kisses.
Or wear a raincoat when bicycling.
Culture makes living efficient
Culture is defined by individuals. Culture is a set of heuristics > pre-set of behaviours. You know how to act in a society.
Culture is adaptive
If (a lot of) people of a culture have new associations, these associations will integrate within this culture. As (many) individuals’ associations change, culture changes along with it. The secondary associations changes instead of first-order associations.
Example: communication (second order) changes. In the past, you communicated through phone calls, bars or church. In the present people communicate through social media.
Self-construal
Self-construal refers to how individuals define themselves: as independent from others or as interdependent with others.
This can be observed across members of individualist vs collectivistic cultures (for example; priming self-construal and measuring people’s disposition)
More variability in groups or between groups?
The difference within a group is often much bigger than difference between groups.
Independent self-construal belongs to which culture?
And when most motivated in relation to choice?
Individualistic culture
> most motivated when choice is made by self.
Interdependent self-construal belongs to which culture?
And when most motivated in relation to choice?
Collectivistic culture
> most motivated when choice is made by a significant other.
vanaf age
