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Anatomy > Lecture 68 - Male reproductive anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 68 - Male reproductive anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main difference between the male and female perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch?

A

There is no vaginal opening in males (midline fusion event during development) - there is only a urethral opening.

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2
Q

What is the difference between the male and female external urogenital sphincters?

A

There are no vaginal sphincters in the male - only the urethral sphincter.

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3
Q

What is the role of the urethral sphincter?

A

It maintains urinary continence

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4
Q

What structure, contained within the testes, produces spermatozoa?

A

The seminiferous tubules.

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5
Q

Where are the immature spermatozoa collected?

A

Rete testes

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6
Q

Where are the spermatozoa stored and matured?

A

Epididymus

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7
Q

What is the layer of thick connective tissue surrounds the seminiferous tubules?

A

The tunica albuginea

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8
Q

What does it mean for a spermatozoa to ‘mature’?

A

Acquire the abilities to move and to fertilize an ovum.

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9
Q

What happens to the sperm if ejaculation does not occur?

A

They are reabsorbed in the epididymus and the components are recycled.

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10
Q

How many seminiferous tubules are there?

A

~400-600 in each teste

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11
Q

Where about in the abdominopelvic cavity do the ovaries/testes develop?

A

High up on the posterior abdominal wall, beneath the kidneys

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12
Q

By 7 months gestation the testes have descended towards what structure in the anterior abdominal wall?

A

The inguinal canal.

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13
Q

By what time in gestation have the testes externalized?

A

About 9 months, usually just before birth

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14
Q

The descent of the testes during development ‘drags’ what structures from the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Blood vessels, nerves, ducts (ie, vas deferens) and layers of the abdominal wall

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15
Q

What is the spermatic cord?

A

The cord-like structure in males formed by the vas deferens and surrounding tissue that run from the deep inguinal ring down to each testicle.

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16
Q

What is the vas deferens?

A

Muscular duct that transports spermatozoa to the ejaculatory duct

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17
Q

What is the wall of the vas deferens made of?

A

Smooth muscle

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18
Q

The vas deferens penetrates the anterior abdominal wall through what structure?

A

The inguinal canal.

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19
Q

Each vas deferens descends along what part of the pelvic cavity to meet the ducts of the seminal vesicle?

A

The lateral wall

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20
Q

What is the ejaculatory duct comprised of?

A

Duct of seminal vesicle and the vas deferens

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21
Q

Describe the path of descent of the vas deferens from the top of the pelvic cavity to the ejaculatory duct.

A

Lateral to the bladder and posterior to the prostate gland.

22
Q

Is ejaculation mediate by the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic

23
Q

What is a vasectomy?

A

The ligation and/or severing of the vas deferens to prevent the transmission of sperm during ejaculation.

24
Q

There are three accessory glands of the male reproductive system that contribute to the volume of the semen. What are they called?

A

Seminal vesicle, prostate, bulbourethral glands

25
Q

Where is the seminal vesicle located relative to the bladder?

A

Along the posterior surface of the bladder

26
Q

The ducts of the seminal vesicles join with the vas deferens to form the ejaculatory duct. Which other accessory gland does the ejaculatory duct empty in to?

A

The prostate

27
Q

What does the seminal vesicles contribute to the volume of the semen?

A

Fructose (for ENERGY!!!) and a coagulating agent

28
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands located?

A

In the deep perineal pouch

29
Q

What is the role of the bulbourethral glands?

A

Secretes a mucous-like volume that lubricates the urethra, ie it forms the pre-ejaculate

30
Q

Describe the location of the prostate relative to adjacent structures.

A

Inferior to the bladder, anterior to the rectum, Superior to the perineal membrane, surrounds the urethra

31
Q

The prostate is comprised of approximately how many individual glands?

A

30-40

32
Q

The ducts of all of the individual glands of the prostate open into what part of the urethra?

A

The prostatic urethra

33
Q

The prostate provide approximately what % of the volume of the ejaculate?

A

~20%

34
Q

What is one of the roles of the secretion of the prostate?

A

Activation of the sperm

35
Q

Benign prostatic hypertrophy is enlargement of which part of the prostate?

A

The central portion

36
Q

What is the primary symptom of benign prostatic hypertrophy? Why?

A

Reduced ability to urinate because of compression of the urethra.

37
Q

What is the easiest way to detect benign prostatic hypertrophy? Why?

A

DRE - digital rectal examination.

38
Q

Prostatic cancer affects the thickness of what portion of the prostate?

A

Trick question: affects the thickness of the entire prostate

39
Q

Upon DRE, what is the difference between a prostate with benign hypertrophy and one with cancer?

A

Benign hypertrophy: prostate will feel ‘bulky’;

Cancer: prostate will feel ‘rock hard’ and can feel vessels.

40
Q

What pelvic structures provide attachments for the external male genitalia?

A

Perineal membrane and pubic arch

41
Q

The penis is made out of two separate erectile tissues. What are they?

A

Two corpora caversona (dorsal) and a single corpus spongiosum (ventral, medial)

42
Q

The glans penis is an extension of which of the erectile tissue?

A

Corpus spongiosum

43
Q

The urethra penetrates the perineal membrane and enters which of the erectile tissues of the penis?

A

Corpus spongiosum

44
Q

Is erection mediated by the sympathetic nervous system or the parasympathetic nervous system? How?

A

The parasympathetic nervous system dilates blood vessels, which engorges the tissues of the penis.

45
Q

Which two muscles, when they contract, pump blood from the root of the penis into the body during erection?

A

Ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles

46
Q

Describe the body of the penis.

A

Pendulous and surrounded by skin

47
Q

The scrotum is a homologue of what structure in the female reproductive system?

A

The labia majora

48
Q

What is the raphe?

A

The line down the middle of the scrotum that delineates the midline fusion of the labia major during development.

49
Q

What is the anatomical name of the foreskin?

A

Prepuce

50
Q

The prepuce attaches to the glands penis via what structure?

A

The frenulum

Anatomy (21 decks)

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