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Optics 2 > Lecture 6: Special Purpose Frames > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Special Purpose Frames Flashcards

1
Q

What are the majority of people looking for in a pair of glasses?

A

ones that provide the BEST Vision Possible.

*Look/Fashion is almost half in the 18-34 yr old range….

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2
Q

There are 3 things to watch for in frame materials today…

A
  1. Those that WONT SHRINK
  2. Those that SHRINK BEYOND REPAIR when normal heat is applied
  3. those that accept NO HEAT
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3
Q
  1. 4 main types of frames….?
A

ljklj

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4
Q

Plastic Frames: How they’re made.

  1. Conventional Method
    a. Manufacturing Frames for what type?
    b. They form Layers of plastic into what?
    c. What happens next?
A
  1. a. Acetate Frames
    b. Large block of acetate.
    c. parts of eyeglass frame are cut –> hand polished –> Assembled into the frame –> Done via a PANTOGRAPHING MACHINE
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5
Q

Plastic Frames: New Way

  1. Injection Molded Frames
    a. What do they do to the plastic?
A
  1. a. Liquefy it into a mold –> cools and solidifies (injection molding machines) –> Colors added via spray painting.
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6
Q

Plastic Frame Materials

There are 6 types. (POP CNZ)

A
  1. Polycarb
  2. Optyl (Epoxy Resin)
  3. Polyamide
  4. Carbon Fiber
  5. Nylon (Cellulose Acetate Propionate)
  6. Zylonite/Zyl (Cellulose Acetate)
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7
Q

Plastic Frames

  1. Zylonite (Zyl): Cellulose Acetate

a. What 3 things is it made of?
b. What 2 things are added for stability?
c. How are they made?

d. What happens over time?

  1. Dispensing Tips
    a. Adjusting?
    b. Lens Insertion?
    c. Too much heat will do what?
    d. Color Affects heating. What Colors NEED LESS HEAT?
A
  1. a. Cellulose, Cotton, Wood Flake
    b. Stabilizers and Plasticizers
    c. Injection molded or block cut

d. Plasticizers that keep Zyl Pliable and less brittle can leach from the surface (leaves a milky film)

  1. a. w/or w/o heat
    b. pretty easy to do.

c. burn or pit the surface and loosen hinges
d. Darker colors need less heat.

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8
Q

Plastic Frames

  1. Zylonite (Zyl) (Cellulose Acetate)
    a. Features and Benefits?

b. Drawbacks:
i. Lenses…insertion
ii. Durability compared to metal?
iii. what happens w/sun and heat exposure?

iv. Continued contact w/cosmetics and perspiration can do what?
v. Thickness?
c. Other uses for Zyl?

A
  1. a. Light weight, color easily, unlimited designs
    b. i. Cold snap lenses
    ii. Less durable
    iii. Zyl fades. Yellows. Discolors. Gets brittle with age. Lose shape in hot weather and high temperatures
    iv. can cause discoloration
    v. Cant be made as thin as some newer materials
    c. film base in film photography, and used in adhesives, and to make original LEGOS in 1949.
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9
Q

Plastic Frames

  1. Carbon Fiber
    a. Made of what material?
    b. Adding carbon Powder gives the FRAMES STRENGTH of what?
    c. Better carbon frames tend to have what parts in the adjustment areas?
  2. Dispensing Tips
    a. When Angling temples, what 2 things should be adjusted?
    b. Will it Bend?
    c. Mount Lenses as you would in what frame type?
    d. Match lens bevel to what on the frame?
    e. Frames w/o Eye wire screws must be sized how?
A
  1. a. Thin Carbon Fibers twisted together in a Crystal Alignment
    b. of Metal Frames, but keeps them Lightweight
    c. Metal parts
  2. a. Metal temples and metal end piece
    b. No
    c. in a Metal Fram
    d. to Curve on the Frame
    e. Exactly, and snapped into frame w/o heat.
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10
Q

Plastic: Carbon Fiber

  1. Features and Benefits
    a. weight, flexibility, strength and durability?

b. Hot weather affects them?
c. How thin can they be?
d. Resistant to what 2 things?
2. Drawbacks?

A
  1. a. All high. very lightweight
    b. No
    c. as thin as metal frames
    d. Scratching and marring from skin acids
  2. a. Expensive. Opaque colors. Cold weather increases brittleness; color chips. Some solvents affect frame or finish.
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11
Q

Plastic: Nylon (Cellulose Acetate Propionate)

  1. What is it?
  2. Dispensing
    a. Overheating can do what?
    b. If stretched, what happens?
    c. Contains plasticizers than can do what?
A
  1. Type of Cellulose acetate used for sports and performance sun wear
  2. a. damage frame
    b. Wont return to original size or shape
    c. for pliability than can leach from the surface
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12
Q

Plastic: Nylon

  1. Features?
  2. Drawbacks
A
  1. Best for Wrap-around shapes. More stable than Zyl in hot weather. Can be thinner than Zyl. HYPOALLERGENIC
  2. a. Hot water best way to heat them. Over heat and u damage frame
    b. Dyed colors fade w/time and exposure to elements
    c. Acetone or alcohol can hasten that process
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13
Q

Plastic: Optyl (Epoxy Resin)

  1. Weight?
    a. Are Plasticizers used?

*Dispensing Tips: See Slide 22 on Lecture 6.

A
  1. 30% less than zyl and is hypoallergenic

a. Nope

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14
Q

Plastic: Optyl

  1. Features
    a. Will they shrink?
    b. Can you damage them in Salt Pan?
    c. Frame stay adjusted until what?
  2. Drawback?
A
  1. a. No
    b. No
    c. until re-heated (closed car in summer weather)
  2. Has memory (can return to original shape)
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15
Q

Plastic: Polycarb

  1. used mainly for what 2 things?
  2. Impact resistant?
  3. Do they obstruct field of vision?
  4. Are they adjustable?
  5. Dispensing tips?
A
  1. Safety and Sports
  2. Yes
  3. No
  4. No
  5. Have elastic straps and rubber bridge pieces for wearing comfort

and

Don’t use acetone on these

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16
Q

Plastic: Polyamide

  1. It’s a blend of what?
  2. Plasticizers?
  3. Allergenic?
  4. Color?

Dispensing:

A
  1. Nylons. reduced weight. Great flexibility
  2. No
  3. Hypo-allergenic
  4. Holds translucent colors well and is Scratch resistant
  5. a. Dont heat…shrinkage will happen
    b. Edge lenses to exact size..like for a metal frame
    c. don’t clean w/alcohol.
    d. no memory.
17
Q

Metal Frames

What 5 metal frames are there? (STAMM)

A
  1. Stainless Steel
  2. Titanium
  3. Aluminium
  4. Metal Alloys
  5. Memory Metal
18
Q

Metal Frames: Titanium

  1. Pure metal used in what?
  2. Benefits?
  3. Drawback?
  4. Other use?
A
  1. in High-end frames
  2. Ultra-light. Strong (1/2 the weight and 2x’s as strong). Corrosion resistant. Hypoallergenic
  3. Expensive
  4. Industrial. Aerospace. Recreatoinal Markets
19
Q

Metal Frames: Metal Alloys

  1. Mostly used metal material?
  2. Benefits?
  3. What else is it used in?
A
  1. Monel. (also ticral and beta titanium)
  2. Corrosion-resistant; Nickel-free, strong, lightweight, more affordable than pure titanium
  3. Monel used in Aircrafts, valve pistons in trumpets, tubas and french horns
20
Q

Metal Frames: Stainless Steel

  1. What is it?
  2. Features?
  3. Drawbacks?
  4. Other uses?
A
  1. Steel and Chromium blend
  2. Light, corrosion resistant, hypoallergenic. Springy effect. Good for temples
  3. Not stain-proof
  4. watches, jewelry, bridges, monuments (St. Louis Arch)
21
Q

Metal Frames: Aluminum

  1. What is it?
  2. features?
  3. Drawbacks?
  4. Other uses?
A
  1. Most abundant metal. Good lightweight option for frames
  2. highly corrosion resistant and soft. 100% recyclable
  3. cars, aircraft, ships masts, bikes, outer shells of electronics
22
Q

Metal Frames: Memory Metal

  1. Shape Memory Alloys that revert back to what?
  2. Common alloys are what?
  3. Features?
A
  1. to original shape, even when bent!
  2. are Nickel/Titanium and Copper/aluminum/nickel
  3. “Remembers” original shape even w/pts. that are rough w/their frames
23
Q

Metal Frames: Memory Metal

  1. Drawback?
  2. Other use?
A
  1. More expensive than more commonly used metal alloys

2. Shape-memory used to reduce aircraft engine noise. Used in robotics, orthopedic surgery and dental braces

24
Q

Why is “Corrosion Resistant” Important?

  1. What can be corrosive w/some pts?
  2. Inside surface of metal temples are often eaten away by what?
  3. Including eroding the frame, corrosion often causes what?
  4. Clinical Pearl: Coat eroded frame w/what?
A
  1. Perspiration
  2. Perspiration
  3. rashes or worse on pts skin
  4. coat frame w/clear nail polish and let dry.
25
Q

Why is Hypoallergenic important w/plastic frames

  1. for the same reasons that metal frames are what?
  2. Conventional Zyl materials contain what?
  3. People allergic to Plastisizers complain of what?
A
  1. should be corrosion resistant
  2. plastisizers that leach out of frames for years
  3. complain of rashes or itching at contact points
26
Q

Three Basic Types of Rimless Mountings: What are they?

A
  1. Conventional screw type
  2. Suspension Type
  3. Drill Mounting Type
27
Q

Conventional Screw Mountings

  1. Screws are drilled thru what?
  2. Why can’t glass lenses be used?
  3. Like w/all Rimless frames, they have to be limited to what Rx’s?
A
  1. thru lenses
  2. cuz drilling thru them will effect impact resistance
  3. to LOW Rxs
28
Q

Suspension Mountings

  1. Lenses are “suspended” in what?
  2. Notice how a low minus lens must be edged Thicker…why?
A
  1. in the Frame using NYLON LINE (mine)

2. Minus Lens has to be edged thicker to accommodate the line

29
Q

Drill Mounting

  1. What are used instead of screws now?
A
  1. Plastic Mounting Brackets are used in place of screws to mount the lens in the frame.
30
Q

Combination Frames

  1. What was the first combination frames?
A
  1. Zyl tops on a Metal Chassis

Now: Typically Plastic and METAL

31
Q

What are DROP INS

A

Supplementary lenses in a mounting that drops in behind the lenses of conventional spectacles

32
Q

Clip on Sunglasses?

A

Supplementary lenses in a mounting that fastens to the frame front of a conventional pair of spectacles

33
Q

Versatile Glasses: has 2 types

A
  1. Chemistrie: Sunglass (multiple colors), Readers, 3-D

2. Altair Sunlites: Polarized Clip; 3-D Clip; Contrast Clip

34
Q

Entropion and Ptosis Spectacles

  1. Entropion
  2. Ptosis
A
  1. Has an additional Extension behind and parallel to the lower eye wire (crutch or gallery)
  2. equipped w/a crutch that’s positioned behind and parallel to the upper eyewire
35
Q

Hemianopic Spectacles

A

use by those with TBI: Bare oriented toward the blind side. Power and placement varies

36
Q

Recumbent Spectacles

A

Bed glasses. Reflecting prisms. used for bed reading.

37
Q

Lorgnettes

A

frame front w/a stick to hold the front instead of temples

38
Q

Reversible Spectacles

A

Used by someone w/one eye but needs different corrective lenses for distance and near.

Temples swivel at end piece so they can be worn upside down

39
Q

Miraflex

A

Baby glasses. Unbreakable

Optics 2 (6 decks)

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