Lecture 6: Prevention and Screening Flashcards
What are the expectations of public health surveillance?
- Early warning system for impending emergencies.
- Tracking progress towards goals and documenting impact of interventions.
- Tracking epidemiology of health problems
- Assisting in prioritizing and delivery of public health policy and strategies.
What is passive surveillance?
- Collecting data from REPORTS provided by healthcare providers/facilities.
- NO active search for subjects
What is active surveillance?
- Utilizing staff
- Interviewing providers
- Visiting facilities
- Main goal: Disease eradication
What is epidemiology?
Branch of medicine that studies the incidence, distribution, determinants, and possible control of diseases and other factors related to health in specified populations.
What is health promotion?
Enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health.
What is disease prevention?
Focusing on implementing strategies to reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases and other morbidities.
What are the top 2 causes of death in the US and what are they both an example of?
- Heart Disease
- Cancer
Both are chronic diseases
What is primary prevention?
Preventing disease before any pathologic process has occurred.
No symptoms can be present and no disease can be detected.
What is secondary prevention?
Detecting asymptomatic disease.
Disease is present but patient is asymptomatic.
What is tertiary prevention?
Preventing symptomatic disease from increasing in severity and causing disability.
Disease is present and detectable.
Symptoms are present.
What is the USPSTF?
Independent, VOLUNTEER panel of national experts in primary care, prevention, and evidence-based medicine.
Makes evidence based recommendations about clinical preventive services.
What is specifically not a factor in USPSTF grading?
Cost.
What are the grades of the USPSTF?
- A: recommended, high benefit
- B: recommended, moderate benefit
- C: Selective offering
- D: NOT RECOMMENDED
- I: Insufficient evidence
What is risk stratification?
Medical decision making that utilizes clinical data to determine a person’s risk for suffering a particular condition and need for preventive medicine.
Why do we care about risk stratification?
Identifying the most appropriate patients for whom intervention is indicated in order to deliver cost-effective care.
