Lecture 6 -Morphogenesis

Question 1

Two ways in which cells can recieve information

Answer 1

localisation of cytoplasmic determinants

induction

Question 2

bicoid

Answer 2

maternal affect gene - responsible for forming

Question 3

blastula

Answer 3

hollow ball of cells formed from cell cleavages /division

Question 4

gray crescent

Answer 4

opposite the point of entry of the sperm (future dorsal side

Question 5

edge cells and inner cells

Answer 5

experience different signals

Question 6

induction

Answer 6

cell to cell interactions during gastrulation

Question 7

induction in tissue interactions

Answer 7

organogenesis germ layer interactions

Question 8

ebryonic induction

Answer 8

influence of one group of cells on another group of cells, chaning

Question 9

dorsal lip of the blastopore

Answer 9

a piece of tissue that influences the formation of the notochord and neural tube

Question 10

anchor cell

Answer 10

secretes a signalling protein to induce that binds to a receptor protein on the surface of the vulval precursor cells

Question 11

signal transduction

Answer 11

a cascade of changes - resulting from a signalling molecule binding to a receptor that changes the outcome of the expression of a gene

Question 12

an important feature of an inductive signal

Answer 12

must have a receptor

particular receptor responds in a particular way

Question 13

competence

Answer 13

ability to respond to a signal

Question 14

apoptosis

Answer 14

programmed cell death

Question 15

morphogenesis

Answer 15

refers to how the organism and its parts are shaped.
how the organism takes on a 3 dimensional shape with all the cell types in the right place to form structures and carry out functions.

Question 16

cleavage

Answer 16

a period of rapid cell division during early embryonic development that converts the zygote to a ball of cells.

Question 17

gastrulation

Answer 17

a series of cell and tissue movements to produce a three-layered embryo - the gastrula

Question 18

organogenesis

Answer 18

the process in which organ rudiments develop from the three germ layers after gastrulation.

Question 19

cell lineage marking/cell fate mapping

Answer 19

mark a cell in its early development and then see where its descendant cells end up.

Question 20

invagination

Answer 20

the infolding of a sheet of cells

Question 21

archenteron

Answer 21

continued invagination forms a blind ended tube called the archenteron which will then go on to form a primitive gut.

Question 22

invagination

Answer 22

the infolding of cells to form a hollow depression

Question 23

involution

Answer 23

involves the inturning or inward movement of an expanding outer layer so that it spreads over the internal surface of the remaining external cells.