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COM: Endocrine - Final COPY > Lecture 6: Male Repro Histo > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Male Repro Histo Flashcards

1
Q

What is spermiation?

A

Release (several days) of mature spermatids from the apical edge of Sertoli cells into the lumen of seminiferous tubule. - ntercellular bridges that linked spermatids form residual bodies that are lost during maturation and mature spermatids are separated

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2
Q

What is the longest segment of the tail of sperm?

A

Principal piece

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3
Q

Within the seminiferous epithelium what is characteristic of spermatogonial (primary spermatocytes)?

A

Larger nuclei and clumps of chromatin

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4
Q

Label and state where this tissue is found

A

This is a pic of the seminiferous tubules

Tope line = Leydig cells (produce testosterone)

Next = wall of seminiferous tubule

Next = lumen of seminiferous tubule

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5
Q

What is this?

A

Seminal vesicle

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6
Q

What is this?

A

Epididymal tissue.

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7
Q

What is this?

A

Seminal vesicle

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8
Q

What is the function of leydig cells?

A

They are steroid producing cells that produce 95% of testosterone - Contain lipid droplets, mito with tubular cristae, and a well-developed SER

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9
Q

What is the ampulla of the vas deferens?

A

Dilated portion that leads directly into prostate gland - Distal end receives the ducts of the seminal vesicle, forming ejaculatory ducts

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10
Q

Sertoli cells extend the full thickness of the seminiferous epithelium, ther nucleus s basally located wiith a large nucleolus, and the apical and lateral membranes have an irregular outline to provide what?

A

Niches & crypts to house developing spermatogenic cells

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11
Q

What is the role of the testes?

A

Produce sperm, synthesize and secrete androgens

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12
Q

What is this?

A

Seminal vesicles

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13
Q

What are spermatids?

A

Nonmotile sperm upon release into lumen of seminiferous tubule that are propelled to the epididymal duct, where they undergo a maturation process

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14
Q

What does the head of sperm contain?

A

Flattened, condensed and elongated nucleus partially capped by the acrosome Hydrolytic enzymes

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15
Q

What is the role of accessory glands of the male reproductive system such as the seminal vesicle, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands?

A

Contribute fluid secretions to semen and provide nutrients to ejaculated sperm

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16
Q

What is the function of seminal vesicles?

A

Secrete an alkaline viscous fluid rich in fructose (energy source) and prostaglandins. Seminal vesicles DONT store sperm, they contract during ejaculation and the secretion contributes to semen

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17
Q

What’s the difference between type A and type B spermatogonia?

A

Type A = oval, euchromatic nucleus and nucleolus-attached to the nuclear envelope Type B = round nucleus, masses of heterochromatin attached to nuclear envelope and central nucleolus

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18
Q

The prostate gland is surrounded by a capsule and consists of 30-50 ___________________ glands. The glands are lined by ________ or _________________ epithelium.

A

Branched tubuloalveolar glands; lined by simple or pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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19
Q

What occurs during spermiogenesis (last step of spermatogenesis)?

A

Development of acrosome, manchette, and tail Shaping and condensation of the nucleus

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20
Q

Where are the straight tubules (tubuli recti) of the sperm maturation pathway located and what cells type do they contain?

A

In the mediastinum of the testis and consist of simple cuboidal epithelium - No spermatogenic cells present; Sertoli cells have tight junctions at apical domain

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21
Q

What type of epithelium are rete testis made of, what are the walls formed by, and what are they surrounded by?

A
  • Lined by simple cuboidal epithelium - Wall formed by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells - Surrounded by lymphatic channels and blood vessels, and leydig cells
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22
Q

At the basolateral domain, Sertoli cells have tight junctions creating basal and adluminal compartments, what is the purpose of the adluminal compartment?

A
  • Tight junctions establish the blood-testes barrier - Protects developing spermatocytes and spermatids from autoimmune reactions - Selects nutrients needed for spermatogenic cells
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23
Q

Label and state what this is

A
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24
Q

What is the difference in duration of the 1st and 2nd meiotic division of spermatocytes?

A

1st meiotic division is long (days) but 2nd meiotic division is very short (minutes)

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25
Q

Where are leydig cells present?

A

In the intertubular space, close to blood vessels and lymphatic channels

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26
Q

What does the end piece of the tail of sperm consist of?

A

Very short segment of the tail that only contains the axoneme

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27
Q

What are the 3 zones of the prostate gland?

A

1) central zone with periurethral mucosal glands 2) Transition zone with periurethral submucosal glands 3) Peripheral zone consisting of branched (compound) glands

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28
Q

What is the sperm maturation pathway?

A

Straight tubules (tubulus recti) -> rete testis -> efferent ductules -> epididymal duct

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29
Q

Label and state what this is a pic of

A

seminiferous tubules

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30
Q

What is this structure and what is the epithelial type?

A

Vas deferens; pseudostratified columnar with some stereocilia

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31
Q

What is this?

A

Prostate gland

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32
Q

What links the rete testis to the epididymis?

A

About 12-20 efferent ductules

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33
Q

What are the 3 steps of the spermatogenic cell sequence?

A

1) spermatogonial Cell arises from a primordial germinal cell 2) After division, spermatogenic cells remain interconnected by intercellular bridges, cytokinesis is incomplete 3) Spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids complete their growth and differentiation in a timely manner

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34
Q

What is this?

A

Vas deferens

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35
Q

What are the most abundant cells observed in seminiferous epithelium?

A

Primary spermatocytes

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36
Q

The penis consists of cylindrical, columnar masses of erectile tissue. On the right and left is the ________________ and centrally is the _______________ which contains penile urethra

A

Corpora cavernosa (2); corpus spongiosum (1) **Columns converge to form shaft of the penis**

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37
Q

What is the prostatic urethra?

A

End site of prostatic ducts (prostate secretions) and ejaculatory ducts (semen and secretions from seminal vesicles)

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38
Q

The tail of sperm is subdivided into 3 segments, what are they?

A

Middle piece Principal piece End piece

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39
Q

About 12-20 efferent ductules link rete testis to epididymis watch ductule is lined wiith what 3 cell types?

A
  • Columnar cells with microvilli/stereocilia that reabsorbs fluid from the lumen - Ciliated cells that assst in transport of nonmotile sperm - Basal cells that are precursor of ciiliated and nonciliated cells **A thin inner circular layer of smooth muscle underlies epithelium and basal lamina
40
Q

The vas deferens are lined by what type of epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia/stereovili

41
Q

Mature spermatids are released into the seminiferous tubular lumen via ___________ (process)

A

Spermiation -> involves contractile forces generated by Sertoli cells

42
Q

What is the androgen-dependent organ that is an outpocketing of each vas deferens?

A

Seminal vesicles

43
Q

Prostate gland consists of 30-50 branched tubuloalveolar glands. What does the lumen contain?

A

Corpora amylacea, concentrations rich in glycoproteins and Ca2+ deposits

44
Q

The testis are associated with the ____________ posteriorly and both are suspended by the _____________

A

Epididymis; spermatic cord

45
Q

What are the layers of the muscular wall of the vas deferens?

A

Inner and outer longitudinal layers and a middle circular layer

46
Q

Spermatids are _________ (diploid/haploid) and initiate what process?

A

Haploid and initiate spermiogenesis

47
Q

What 2 things cover the epididymis?

A

A capsule and the tunica vaginalis

48
Q

Vascular sinuses within erectile tissue are supplied by numerous _________ arteries. Blood drains from the sinuses via veins. During erection, dilation of these arteries (parasympathetics) results in engorgement of the vascular sinuses which compresses and restricts venous outflow

A

Helicine arteries

49
Q

Label

A

R = rete testis

T = straight tubule

S = seminiferous tubule

50
Q

What is this?

A

Seminal vesicle

51
Q

What is the function of the prostate gland?

A

Produces a zinc-rich alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidic vaginal content. Provides nutrients and transports sperm and liquefies semen

52
Q

What structure is a highly elongated and coiled duct where sperm mature?

A

Epididymis

53
Q

What is this?

A

Erectile tissue

54
Q

Spermatocytes divide by _____ (#) meiotic divisions located in __________ compartment above Sertoli cell tight junctions. Meiosis occurs __________ (inside/outside) the blood testes barrier

A

2; adluminal; inside

55
Q

What 4 things happen during sperm maturation?

A
  • Stabilizatiion of condensed chromatin - Changes in plasma membrane surface charge - Acquisition of new surface proteins - Acquisition of forward motility
56
Q

What are the male accessory genital glands?

A

Seminal vesicles (2) Prostate gland (1) Bulbourethral Gland (2) Urethral glands of Littre

57
Q

What are the 3 layers of the seminal vesicles?

A

1) External CT capsule 2) Middle smooth muscle layer (inner and outer longitudinal layers) 3) Highly folded mucosa lined by simple cuboidal to pseudostratified columnar epithelium

58
Q

Somatic ___________ (epithelial type) Sertoli cells interact with what 3 cell types?

A

Columnar; spermatogonia (mitotic), spermatocytes (meiotic), spermatids (haploid, undergoing spermiogenesis)

59
Q

Where in the seminiferous epithelium are nuclei of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells located?

A

Closely associated wiith tubular wall

60
Q

Fertilizing ability of sperm is acquired from the ______ to ______ of the epididymis and takes about how long?

A

Body to tail; maturation takes about 2-12 days

61
Q

The prostate gland is a muscular and glandular organ that empties into the ______________ via long ________________

A

Prostate urethra; excretory ducts

62
Q

What does the principal piece of the tail of sperm consist of?

A

The central axoneme surrounded by a fibrous sheath -> fibrous sheath provides scaffold during sliding/bending of tail during forward motility

63
Q

What is this?

A

Vas Deferens -> 3 muscle layers!

64
Q

What is this?

A

Prostate gland -> G = tubuloalveolar glands

65
Q

The epididymis is lined with ___________________ epithelium with long and branched ____________ and consists of what 2 cell types?

A

Pseudostratified columnar; stereocilia Principal cells -> columnar cells extending from lumen to basal lamina Basal cells associated wth basal lamina

66
Q

Where are mature sperm stored?

A

In the terminal portion of the epididymal duct **Sperm maturation consists in acquiring forward motility**

67
Q

What is this?

A

epididymal duct

**Sperm is in the lumen

68
Q

Spermatogonia are ___________ (diploid/haploid) and are located __________ (inside/outside) the blood-testes barrier

A

Diploid; outside

69
Q

What is this?

A

Erectile tissue

70
Q

Primary spermatocytes undergo ___ round of meiotic division (________ division) yielding 2 _________________

A

1st; reductional division; 2 secondary spermatocytes

71
Q

What is this?

A

Prostate gland -> CA = corpus amylaceum

72
Q

What is responsible for the peristalsis of sperm through the epididymal duct?

A

Thin layer of smooth muscle

73
Q

What is this?

A

Efferent ductule

74
Q

What are the 3 parts of the epididymis?

A

Head (caput) Body (corpus) Tail (cauda)

75
Q

Secondary spermatocytes undergo ____ meiotic division (__________ division) yielding 2 __________

A

2nd; equational division; 2 spermatids

76
Q

What is this

A

Efferent ductule

77
Q

What does the external layer of the vas deferens consist of?

A

Loose CT and adipocytes

78
Q

Seminiferous tubules consist of a central lumen lined by a specialized ____________ epithelium that consists of what 2 cell types?

A

Seminiferous epithelium consisting of spermatic Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells

79
Q

At the basolateral domain, Sertoli cells have tight junctions creating basal and adluminal compartments, what is the purpose of the basal compartment?

A
  • Spermatogonial cells are housed in niches - Allows greater access to nutrients and signaling molecules
80
Q

Where within the seminiferous epithelium are early and late spermatids located and what is characteristic of each?

A

Located close to lumen Early = round, light nuclei Late = cylindrical-shaped, condensed nuclei

81
Q

What does the middle piece of the tail of sperm consist of?

A
  • A helcally arranged mito sheath - Axoneme - Nine longitudinal columns, outer dense fibers, surrounding the axoneme and projecting down the tail
82
Q

The testes are located in the scrotum and enclosed by the tunica albuginea which thickens to form the _____________, where the ___________ is located

A

Mediastinum; rete testis

83
Q

What is this?

A

Prostate gland -> CA = corpus amylaceum

84
Q

What is the role of the epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct and urethra?

A

Form duct system that transports sperm

85
Q

Haploid spermatids are located in the __________ compartment, iin proximity to the lumen of seminiferous tubular round (early) spermatids and elongated (late) spermatids. Where is each type of spermatid located?

A

Round (early) spermatids = in niches in cytoplasm of Sertoli cells Elongated (late) spermatids = in crypts, deep invaginations iin sertoli apical cytoplasm

86
Q

Label and state what this is a pic of

A

This is a seminiferous tubule

87
Q

_____________ are irregularly anastomosing channels within the mediastinum of the testis

A

Rete testis

88
Q

What is the glans penis?

A

Distal tip of surplus spongiosum

89
Q

What are the functions of Sertoli cells?

A
  • Support, protect and nourish developing spermatogenic cells - Eliminate residual bodies via phagocytosis (discarded by spermatids during spermiogenesis) - release of mature spermatids into lumen of tubule, spermiation
90
Q

What 4 types of nuclei are housed in seminiferous epithelium?

A

1) Nuclei of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells 2) Spermatogonial cells (primary spermatocytes) 3) Early spermatids 4) Late spermatids

91
Q

What is this a pic of?

A

Seminiferous tubule

IC = late spermatids

M = myoid cell

92
Q

Seminiferous tubules consist of a central lumen lined by a specialized seminiferous epithelium. Epithelium iis surrounded by a lamina propria containing multilayered ________, ___________, and 3-5 layers of ________ cells. _____________ cells are found n between seminiferous tubules.

A

multilayered CT, collagen, and 3-5 layers of myriad cells; leydig (interstitial) cells are found in between seminiferous tubules

93
Q

What male structures produce the majority of seminal fluid and what hormones regulate this function?

A

Seminal vesicles and prostate gland Function s regulated by androgens (testosterone and DHT)

94
Q

Label

A
95
Q

Label A and B and state where this tissue is found

A

This is a testis

96
Q

What is this?

A

Bulbourethral gland

97
Q

What is the difference in division of type A spermatogonia versus type B spermatogonia?

A

Type A: clonally divide via mitosis to generate copies of itself and/or differentiation’s into type B spermatogonia Type B: divides via mitosis and cells immediately enter meiotic prophase as primary spermatocytes -> ensures 2x DNA when starting meiotic prophase I

COM: Endocrine - Final COPY (15 decks)

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