Lecture 6—Infection & Disease Part I: General Principles of Disease Flashcards
Any negative change in a person’s health; Any deviation from the normal functioning of the body; Any deviation from a healthy state of being;
A decline in health;
An abnormal or unhealthy state refers to?
-DISEASE.
Also described as a: Disorder, Illness, Sickness: ________.
-DISEASE.
________: a diseased state; unhealthy condition.
- MORBIDITY.
* Note: a morbid state is a diseased state*
_________: process whereby microbes invade and multiply w/ in cells of the host; multiplication of an disease-causing microorganism w/in or on the body; deviation from a healthy state that is caused and maintained by microorganisms.
-INFECTION.
Name the (6) microbe categories that cause disease in humans
- BACTERIA
- FUNGI
- PROTOZOA
- PARASITIC WORMS (HELMINTHS)
- VIRUSES
- PRIONS
________: microorganisms present on the surface of inanimate objects.
-CONTAMINATION.
_________: The presence of larger parasites, such as worms or arthropods, in or on the body.
-INFESTATION.
__________: Any disease causing microbe.
-PATHOGEN.
________: can cause infection and disease in healthy people.
-PRIMARY (TRUE) PATHOGENS.
_________: can infect host only when immune defense is weakened.
-OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS.
________: Microbes take advantage of changes in the host defense—failure of the host’s normal defenses (immunocompromised); Introduction of microbiota into unusual body sites; Disruption of the normal flora.
-OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS.
Pathogen sources are either ________ OR _________.
- EXOGENOUS.
- ENDOGENOUS.
________: results from encounters with pathogens in the environment.
-EXOGENOUS.
_________: caused by pathogens or potential pathogens in or on the body.
-ENDOGENOUS.
_______: disease that is spread from animals to humans; disease caused by animal pathogens.
-ZOONOTIC.
________: disease that is spread from plants to humans; disease caused by plant pathogens.
-PHYTOGENIC.
________: the patient actively exhibits signs and symptoms (S/S) of disease—also referred as Symptomatic, Apparent, Overt.
-CLINICAL INFECTION.
Signs and symptoms (S/S) that last for a short period of time are can be _______ OR _________ infections.
- ACUTE.
- FULMINATING.
________: S/S present abruptly and develop rapidly; resolves quickly.
-ACUTE INFECTION.
________: Microbe multiplies at a high level or with great intensity; Disease is severe and progresses quickly; can be fatal.
-FULMINATING INFECTION.
________: Signs and symptoms lasts for a long period of time; develop slowly; long incubation period; persistent over long periods; immune system is unable to resolve the infection without medical intervention.
-CHRONIC INFECTION.
__________: type of chronic infection; microbe persists in host tissues for long periods of time; disease alternates between a periods where there are signs and symptoms of disease, and periods where signs and symptoms are absent.
-LATENT INFECTION.
_________: Signs and symptoms (S/S) are between those of an acute infection and a chronic infection.
-SUBACUTE INFECTION.
________: Based on the inability to observe indicators of disease; the patient lacks observable signs or symptoms of disease; S/S may not be observed by clinical examination, although laboratory tests may confirm the presence of pathogens—some cases, pathogens may not be detected by laboratory tests.
- SUB-CLINICAL INFECTION.
* also called: Asymptomatic, Inapparent, Covert, Subvert*
What are the (3) categories of infection types based on general locations in the body?
- LOCAL INFECTION.
- FOCAL INFECTION.
- SYSTEMIC (GENERALIZED) INFECTION.
_______: Confined to a small area of the body (e.g. warts).
-LOCAL INFECTION.
________: spread from one localized area to other localized areas (e.g. tuberculosis)
-FOCAL INFECTION.
________: microorganism circulates throughout body and infect many different tissues; (e.g., measles, typhoid)
- SYSTEMIC (GENERALIZED) INFECTION.
* also called a DISSEMINATED INFECTION*
Patterns of infection based on the sequence of disease include (3): _______, _______, and ________.
- PRIMARY INFECTION.
- SECONDARY INFECTION.
- SUPERINFECTION.
________: infection in a previously healthy individual—Also called an initial infection.
-PRIMARY INFECTION.
________: An infection that occurs after a primary infection; occurs in a sick individual; once the host is infected, other pathogens will colonize the host.
-SECONDARY INFECTION.
________: secondary infection caused by the destruction of the host resident microbiotia; Usually the result of treating a primary infection with broad-spectrum antibiotics.
-SUPERINFECTIONS.
