Lecture 6 - Gross - Spine, Superficial, Intermediate, & Deep Back

Question 2

What are the three groups of muscles in the back?

Answer 2

Superficial, Intermediate, and Deep

Question 3

What are the superficial muscles of the back?

What do they primarily accomplish?

Answer 3

• Trapezius m.
• Latissimus dorsi m.
• Rhomboid Major m.
• Rhomboid minor m.
• Levator scapulae m.

Attach the upper limb to the axial skeleton among other things

Question 4

What are the intermediate muscles of the back? What do they do mostly?

Answer 4

• Serratus Posterior
• Serratus Anterior

Assist in respiration ;)

Question 5

What are the deep muscles of the back? What do they do?

Answer 5

1. Suboccipital m.
2. Semispinalis m.
3. splenius m.
4. Erector Spinae mm.
   
   1. Longissimus m.
   2. Iliocostales m.
   3. Spinalis m.

Strong muscles of the back do posture and some other things

Question 6

How do you differentiate Splenius and semispinalis mm. from one another?

Answer 6

Semispinalis has vertically oriented and is just deep to splenius

Question 7

What two regions of the spine exhibit primary curvature? Secondary curvature?

Answer 7

Thoracic and sacral regions exhibit primary curvature, cervical and lumbar regions exhibit secondary curvature.

Question 8

The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments run along which part of the spine?

Answer 8

Anterior longitudinal ligament runs along the anterio portion of the vertebral body; whereas, the posterior longitudinal ligament runs along the posterior aspect of the vertbral bodies.

Question 9

What are the contents of the sacral canal and sacral hiatus? what does the sacral canal/hiatus communicate with?

Answer 9

The sacral canal contains the spinal nerves, surrounded by dura mater. the sacral hiatus/canal communicates with the anterior and posterior sacral foramina.

Question 10

What is spina bifida? How can you differentiate between the various forms of spina bifida?

Answer 10

Spina bifida is developmental disorder of the spine that results from incomplete fusion of the back bones and membranes around the spinal cord.

Question 11

Describe the arterial supply for the vetebral column?

Answer 11

Vasculature of vertebral column:

vertebrae are supplied by periosteal and equatorial branches of major cervical and segmented arteries and their spinal branches.

Spinal branches are of the:

vertebral and ascending cervical arteries in the neck

posterior intercostal arteries in the thoracic region

subcostal and lumbar arteries in the abdomen

Iliolumbar and lateral and medial sacral arteries in the pelvis

Spinal branches enter the IV foramen and divide into anterior and posterior vertebral canal branches

Question 12

What are the three layers that surround/support the central nervous system?

Answer 12

Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater