lecture 6: global food production Flashcards
(35 cards)
having a reliable source of food and sufficient resources to purchase it
food security
four conditions to ensure food security
▪ Availability
▪ Access
▪ Stability
▪ Utilization
within the four dimensions of food security, name what effects each one
describe this chart
this chart shows the major projected population growth in billions in Asia and sub-saharan africa
the world needs to produce _______ more food calories in 2050 than we did in 2006
69% to feed 9.6 billion people
global consumption of meat and milk products from 2006 and 2050
European Union - 7%
canada & USA - -2%
asia (china) -72%
india - 94%`
Describe the approximate change of each livestock type
Agroecosystems
Agroecosystms : social system factors
Socioeconomic Forces
Cultural Forces
Agroecosystems: ecosystem
Biological Forces
Physical Forces
Agroecosystems: transformative process inputs and outputs
inputs: sun, water, soil, nutrients, labor
outputs: food, fiber, manure, and other products
human element to agroecosysems : pastoralism
- Mobile livestock-keeping to available pasture & water
- Arid and semi-arid environment
- camel, sheep, goats, horses
- Shapes diet (milk, meat) as well as culture
what are the four determining elements of an Agroecosystems
environment, biota, people, and economics
explain each of the four elements of agroecosystem:
- Environment – climate and
geography - Biota– the animals and plants
(crops) that are physiologically
adapted to an environment - People – history, culture,
religion - Economics, trade, law
human element to agroecosystems: Agro-pastoralism
- Some crop agriculture is carried out
- Semi-arid environments
- Camels, cattle, sheep, goats, equids = milk, meat, fertilizer,
culture - Due to fixed land use, poultry can be added
human element to agroecosystems: transhumance
A form of pastoralism where herders & their animals move seasonally between two regions
- Environments where there are severe seasonal fluctuations, like the mountain agriculture of Scandinavia, Austria,Germany, Switzerland and western United States
- Cattle, sheep, goats = milk, meat, fertilizer, culture
human element to agroecosystems ranching
- semi-arid to sub-humid zones that favor
grasslands, e.g. western US - Requires large amounts of land
- Mainly meat production
(ruminants)
human element to agroecosystems: mixed specialty farming
- Sedentary crop and livestock agriculture where the main
reason for crop production is to feed the livestock - Dairy, eggs, poultry, specialty fibers, meat
- Usually occurs when there is a market demand for
livestock products - Increasing in peri-urban settings
human element to agroecosystems: Mixed Subsistence Farming
- crops are the main source of food, with animals supporting the farming operation (traction, fertilizer, transport, savings, food, risk diversification)
- Sub-humid to humid environments
- The most widespread form of agricultural activity in the
world - Ruminants, poultry, swine, equids, small animals (guinea
pigs and rabbits)
human element to agroecosystems: intensive industrial livestock production
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
CAFOs
Production independent of the environment
* Meat, milk and eggs
* Diseases of production and high-density confinement
human element to agroecosystems: aquaculture
- use aquatic plants or animals
- Fresh water fish- carp, tilapia, catfish and trout)
- Brackish water fish -crustaceans, mollusks)
- Marine water fish -shellfish, salmon)
- Can be intensive production, or part of mixed
agricultural systems
human element to agroecosystems: alternative agriculture
organic farms that avoids the use of synthetic compounds
- natural compounds or practices (minerals, biological pest control, integrated pest management) to control disease
- Limited capacity & limited market
human element to agroecosystems: game ranching
- The rearing of wild animal species in confinement in a
semi-domesticated state for commercial exploitation - Food production, skins and leather, sale of live animals
- Ungulates, fowl, rodents, reptiles, bison
human element to agroecosystems: hobby
- Puppy raising
- Horse racing
- Greyhound racing
- Pet birds
- Fish
- Reptiles
