Lecture 6 (Exam 2)- Induction Drugs (Part 2) Flashcards
Which induction agent has the highest analgesic properties?
Ketamine
(Slide 40)
What is Ketafol?
Ketamine + Propofol in one syringe… Risky.
(Slide 41)
Compounding, combining, admixing, diluting, pooling, reconstituting, repackaging, or otherwise altering a drug or bulk drug substance to create a sterile preparation is…
Sterile Compounding
(Slide 42)
If your patient is tachycardic and hypertensive, would you give Ketamine or Propofol?
🌶️ Propofol. Remember it has bradycardia and HOTN results.
Ketamine would worsen tachycardia and HTN.
-Example at end of lecture
What is Ketamine’s (Ketalar) onset IV?
IM? Why would we give it this route?
IV: RAPID! ⚡️ 30-60 secs
IM: 2-5mins - better for pediatrics w/ no IV. 👶🏽
Slide 25 & 28
What is Ketamine’s duration of action?
What cases would it be good for?
10-20 mins; good for short cases and/or outpatient procedures.
Slide 25
Ketamine is highly lipid soluble (5x -10x more potent > Thiopental) & not plasma bound.
What does this mean for it’s Vd and E 1/2 time?
It would have a very high Vd (3L/kg) but a lower E1/2 time (2-3hrs).
Slide 25
Ketamine’s Vd is 3L/kg (large), what does this mean for its clearance?
What is it metabolized by?
It is fast! Hepatic clearance 1L/min!
Metabolized: CYP450! 😃
Slide 26
What is Norketamine?
The active metabolite of Ketamine.
It is 1/3 as potent
Slide 26
What is the induction dosage of Etomidate?
0.3 mg/kg
(0.2-0.4 mg/kg as per book –> for the exam, the answers will be in this range.)
Slide 10
_______ is alternative to propofol or barbiturates for IV induction of anesthesia and does not have hangover or cumulative drug effect.
Etomidate
( unlike barbiturates, it does not stay in fat and redistribute itself; etomidate clearance is faster than barbiturates.)
Slide 10
Which induction drug is best with unstable cardiovascular system especially with low EF?
Etomidate
Slide 10
What patient population is susceptible to Ketamine tolerance?
What can we do to adjunct this?
Burn patients :(
We can use Multi-Modal anesthesia
(Gabapentin, Motrin, Mg, IV Tylenol, Lidocaine gtt)
Slide 26
List the following doses for Ketamine:
- Induction dose, IV & IM
- Maintenance dose, IV & IM
(*HINT: IM is the same dose)
Slide 27
You decided to pick up an ICU BEDSIDE contract during your online semester of CRNA school & asked to give an IV Ketamine bolus to your wild’n’out patient. 🤪
1) Your doc orders a measly 0.1mg/kg and you look at him with disgust & bluntly tell him the normal range for Ketamine is ___ - ___ here in the ICU.
2) Your patient rips out her IV seconds before you can administer the IV dose.
Looks like she is getting it IM…what is your dose range?
IV: 0.2 - 0.5 mg/kg
*This is the same amount of our IV maintenance dose.
IM: 4 - 8mg/kg
Slide 27
You are a saint of a CRNA and decide to go into Pediatric Cardiac surgery. ❤️🩹
What is the gtt range of a Ketamine infusion?
This is also the same dose for post-op sedation & analgesia.
Slide 27
who do you give etomidate to: 45 y/o patient with EF <40% and with a lot of other comorbidities or 70 y/o patient with EF>65% and runs 5 miles a day?
45 y/o patient with EF <40%
Slide 10
Do you need to give analgesia if you give etomidate to the patient?
Yes, Etomidate does not have an analgesic effect.
(Acc. to Dr. Castillo, remember you have to use analgesic when you perform direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation because they need to be in stage 3.)
Slide 10
How does Etomidate cause an involuntary myoclonic movement?
Alters in the balance of inhibitory and excitatory influences on the thalamocortical tract.
Slide 11
What percentage is the myoclonic activity of etomidate?
50% to 80%
(17% thiopental, 13% methohexital and 6% propofol)
Slide 11
How can involuntary myoclonic movements be attenuated?
By administration of opioids or benzos prior to administration of etomidate.
Slide 11
We need to be cautious when giving etomidate to what type of patient?
Patient with seizure disorder
Slide 11
Fentanyl 50mcg/ml is available. The Patient is 75 kg. Administer Fentanyl 1 mcg/kg to attenuate myoclonus. How many mls will you administer?
1.5 mls
(Desired/Available = Quantity; Desired = 75 Kg * 1 mcg/kg = 75 mcg)
Slide 12
Etomidate causes ______________ ___________ to stress response.
Adrenocortical suppression
(During stress, SNS is activated; ↑HR, ↑ BP)
slide 13
What happens when you do not respond to normal stress responses due to etomidate administration?
Severe hypotension and longer mechanical ventilation hours.
Slide 13
With Ketamine, Is the ventilatory response to CO2 maintained?
Yes!
(but could increase no more than 3mmHg CO2)
(slide 35)
With Ketamine, IF the PaCo2 were to increase, how much would it increase by?
no more than 3mmHg
(slide 35)
With Ketamine, are the upper airway skeletal muscle tone and reflexes maintained and intact?
Yes!
(slide 35)
Your prego patient needs a one shot dose of Ketamine into her epidural space. 🤰What is the range?
What is the Intrathecal dose range?
Epidural: 30mg (one time dose)
IT: 5 - 50mg in 1ml NS (I am checking with Castillo bc the book contradicts this stating it should be in 3 mls)
pg. 343, PDF Stoeltings Pharm book
Slide 27
How long does inhibition of enzyme required to convert cholesterol to cortisol lasts following the administration of etomidate?
4 to 8 hours
(Make sure you look at graph on slide 14)
Slide 13
Why is Ketamine called “angel dust”?
Because it is a Phencyclidine derivative. 🍦
(Slide 20)