Lecture 6: Evolution

Question 1

The only scientific part of evolution is

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

Define evolution

Answer 2

The change in genetic composition of a population of a species over time

Question 3

Evolutions of traits only occurs when

Answer 3

when traits are passed from parent to offspring

Question 4

True or false; Evolution typically leads to ultimate forms

Answer 4

False; alternate

Question 5

True or false; Mutations do not fully transform an organism that is already alive

Answer 5

true

Question 6

Evolution typically requires what to occur

Answer 6

Selection pressure

Question 7

Adaptation is

Answer 7

The change in a genetically determined trait in response to environmental conditions that enhances the ability to cope with the environment

Question 8

Fitness is and what it involves

Answer 8

the proportionate contribution of an individual to future generations

• Number of offspring produced
• Number of offspring surviving to reproductive age

Question 9

What level does natural selection operate on

Answer 9

Individual

Question 10

What are Darwin awards

Answer 10

The memes on the internet where people do dumb shit and were happy they dont reproduce

Question 11

What 4 things do selection pressures include?

Answer 11

• Environmental conditions (Abiotic factors)
• Species interactions (Biotic factors)
• Establishes differences in fitness among individuals with different genotypes and phenotypes
• Selected adaptations typically allow for optimal performance under a certain set of environmental conditions

Question 12

What are the four assumptions of natural selection

Answer 12

• Individuals of a species are not identical
• Some of this variation is heritable
• Individuals leave different numbers of descendants
• Fitness depends on the interaction between an individual’s traits and its abiotic and biotic environments

Question 13

Describe the process of stabilizing in evolutional selective

Answer 13

Stabilizing is when you remove the two opposite extremes of alleles from the gene pool
Ex; AA Aa aa
Would remove AA and aa

Question 14

Describe Disruptive evolutional selective

Answer 14

Removing only the middle allele
Ex; AA Aa aa
would remove only Aa

Question 15

Describe directional evolutional selective

Answer 15

Removing one extreme causing the evolution towards the other side
Ex; AA Aa aa
would remove aa to get all dominant alleles

Question 16

Directional evolution selective is the ____ common

Answer 16

most

Question 17

Describe the biological species concept

Answer 17

It distinguishes species based on their potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Implies that reproductive isolation defines a species because reproduction is the means of transferring genetic information

Question 18

What are the two types of speciation and describe them

Answer 18

1) Allopatric Speciation
- individuals are geographically isolated by a physical barrier
2) Sympatric Speciation
- Subpopulations are isolated without geographical isolation