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Perio 1 > LECTURE 6: DEFENSE MECHANISM OF GINGIVA > Flashcards

LECTURE 6: DEFENSE MECHANISM OF GINGIVA Flashcards

1
Q

JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM

the stratified non-keratinizing epithelium, that surrounds the tooth like a ____ with a cross-section resembling a thin wedge

A

collar

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2
Q

the epithelium of the gingiva which gets attached to the tooth is called

A

junctional or attachment epithelium

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3
Q

JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM

classified as a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is made up of two strata:

A

o basal layer (stratum basale)

o suprabasal layer (stratum suprabasale)

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4
Q

T(f

JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM

→ has several specific features that differ from those other oral epithelium
→ act as a first-line defense of periodontal tissues against
microbial challenge

A

T

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5
Q

T/f

shedding of the JE is one of the important anti-microbial
defense mechanisms at the dentogingival junction

A

T

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6
Q

an inflammatory exudate derived from periodontal tissues

A

SULCULAR FLUID/GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID (GCF)

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7
Q

it is composed of serum and locally generated materials such as tissue breakdown products, inflammatory mediators and
antibodies directed against dental plaque bacteria

A

SULCULAR FLUID/GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID (GCF)

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8
Q

T/f

normal gingiva: little or no fluid

A

T

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9
Q

an inflammatory exudate rather than a continuous transudate

A

SULCULAR FLUID/GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID (GCF)

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10
Q

→ exert antibody activity in defense of gingiva
→ cleanser materials from the sulcus
→ contains plasma proteins that may improve adhesion of
epithelium to tooth
→ possess antibacterial properties

A

GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID

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11
Q

COMPONENTS OF GCF

A

proteins
→ metabolites
→ antibodies and antigens
→ enzyme components

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12
Q

represents the high turnover rate of epithelium that comprises the gingival sulcus

A

Desquamated Epithelial Cells

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13
Q

effector cells of cost response; PMN’s provide innate immunity and macrophages and monocytes provide cell-mediated immunity

A

Leukocytes

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14
Q

more in gingival crevicular fluid than
serum and it increases in cases of severe inflammation

(K, Na and Ca)

A

Na, K

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15
Q

Who stated that the fluid passes through damaged tissue, a decreased Na:K ratio would be formed because of accumulation of intracellular K from the disrupted cells

A

Krasse and Egeberg

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16
Q

METABOLIC END PRODUCTS OF GCF

A

→ lactic acid
→ urea
→ hydroxyproline

→ prostaglandins

→ endotoxins

→ cytotoxic substances
→ hydrogen sulfide
→ antibacterial factors

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17
Q

o a major breakdown product of collagen

o its presence in gingival fluid is an indicator of rate of
progression of periodontal disease

→ lactic acid
→ urea
→ hydroxyproline
→ prostaglandins
→ endotoxins
→ cytotoxic substances
→ hydrogen sulfide
→ antibacterial factors

A

hydroxyproline

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18
Q

o a component of inflammatory reaction

o causes vasodilation and inhibition of collagen synthesis

→ lactic acid
→ urea
→ hydroxyproline
→ prostaglandins
→ endotoxins
→ cytotoxic substances
→ hydrogen sulfide
→ antibacterial factors

A

prostaglandins

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19
Q

o released from gram negative bacteria

o are highly toxic to gingival tissue and pathogenic factor in
periodontal disease

→ lactic acid
→ urea
→ hydroxyproline
→ prostaglandins
→ endotoxins
→ cytotoxic substances
→ hydrogen sulfide
→ antibacterial factors

A

endotoxins

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20
Q

the amount of GCF collected is extremely small

A

0.5 to 2.4 μl/day)

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21
Q

Challacombe, 1980 used an ____ dilution method to measure the amount of GCF present in a particular space at any given time; his calculations in human volunteers with a mean gingival index of less than 1 showed that the mean GCF volume in proximal spaces from molar teeth ranged from 0.43 to 1.56 μl

A

isotope

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22
Q

GCF production is governed by the passage of fluid from _____ into the tissues (capillary filtrate)
↓
removal of fluid is by ____ system
↓
when the role of capillary fluid exceeds that of lymphatic uptake, the fluid accumulate as edema and leave the areas as GCF

A

capillaries

lymphatic

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23
Q

T/f

collection of gingival crevicular fluid is noninvasive and therefore this approach has been extensively explored in the search for potential diagnostic biomarkers of periodontal disease

A

T

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24
Q

T/f

interaction between the bacterial biofilm and the cells of the periodontal tissues, gingival crevicular fluid appears as an attractive oral diagnostic fluid due to its ease of collection and allowing for sampling of multiple sites within the oral cavity simultaneously

A

T

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25
Q

COLLECTION METHOD OF GCF

A

done using:
o absorbing paper strips
o twisted threads
o micropipettes
o intracrevicular washings

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26
Q

this method causes irritation of the sulcular epithelium that can stimulate formation of fluid flow (Brill technique)

A. INTRASULCULAR METHOD
B. EXTRASULCULAR METHOD
C. TWISTED THREADS
D. MICROPIPETTES
E. CREVICULAR WASHINGS

A

A

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27
Q

paper strips are placed at the entrance or over the sulcus or pocket and the fluid seeping out is picked up through the absorption of the strip

A. INTRASULCULAR METHOD
B. EXTRASULCULAR METHOD
C. TWISTED THREADS
D. MICROPIPETTES
E. CREVICULAR WASHINGS

A

B

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28
Q

this method was used by Weinstein et al.

A. INTRASULCULAR METHOD
B. EXTRASULCULAR METHOD
C. TWISTED THREADS
D. MICROPIPETTES
E. CREVICULAR WASHINGS

A

C

29
Q

Twisted threads were placed in the ___ around the tooth and the amount of fluid collected was estimated by the weight of sample thread

A

gingival crevice

30
Q

Twisted thread were weighed before collection within a sealed ____ plastic tube and the weighing was repeated immediately after the collection

A

microcentrifugation

31
Q

this permits the collection of fluid by capillary action

A. INTRASULCULAR METHOD
B. EXTRASULCULAR METHOD
C. TWISTED THREADS
D. MICROPIPETTES
E. CREVICULAR WASHINGS

A

D

32
Q

after isolation and drying of collection site, capillary tubes of
known diameter are inserted into the entrance of gingival crevice, gingival crevicular fluid migrates into the tube by capillary action

A. INTRASULCULAR METHOD
B. EXTRASULCULAR METHOD
C. TWISTED THREADS
D. MICROPIPETTES
E. CREVICULAR WASHINGS

A

D

33
Q

gingival sulcus is perfused with an isotonic solution such as Hank’s balanced salt solution of fixed volume

A. INTRASULCULAR METHOD
B. EXTRASULCULAR METHOD
C. TWISTED THREADS
D. MICROPIPETTES
E. CREVICULAR WASHINGS

A

E

34
Q

two methods are used: one is the simplest method involving the instillation and re-aspiration of 10 microliters of Hank’s balanced salt solution at the interdental papilla; it is repeated 12 times to allow thorough mixing of transport solution and GCF
→ the fluid collected then represents a dilution of crevicular fluid and contains both cells and soluble constituents such as plasma proteins
→ this technique could therefore be applied either to individual interdental units or to multiple units which were then pooled

A. INTRASULCULAR METHOD
B. EXTRASULCULAR METHOD
C. TWISTED THREADS
D. MICROPIPETTES
E. CREVICULAR WASHINGS

A

E

35
Q

staining the strips-wetted area made more visible by staining
with ___ that produces a purple color where the GCF had accumulated then measured with a magnifying glass or microscope

A

Ninhydrin

36
Q

it has been devised for measuring the fluid collected on a “blotter” (Periopaper), employing an electronic transducer

A

PERIOTRON MEASURING

37
Q

Prognostik, Biolise

A. proteinases
B. elastase
C. MMPs
D. bacterial toxins and proteasas
E. AST

A

B

38
Q

Periocheck

A. proteinases
B. elastase
C. MMPs
D. bacterial toxins and proteasas
E. AST

A

A

39
Q

TOPAS

A. proteinases
B. elastase
C. MMPs
D. bacterial toxins and proteasas
E. AST

A

D

40
Q

Pocket Watch

A. proteinases
B. elastase
C. MMPs
D. bacterial toxins and proteasas
E. AST

A

E

41
Q

Level of Gingival Inflammation

healthy

mild

moderate

severe

Periotron Reading?

A

0-20
21-40
41-80
81-200

42
Q

detect metal proteinases

A. fluorometry
B. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
C. radioimmunoassays
D. procollagen III
E. direct and indirect immunodot test

A

A

43
Q

detect enzyme levels
and interleukin 1B (key mediators of inflammatory response and
related to tissue injury)

A. fluorometry
B. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
C. radioimmunoassays
D. procollagen III
E. direct and indirect immunodot test

A

B

44
Q

detect cyclooxygenase derivatives

A. fluorometry
B. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
C. radioimmunoassays
D. procollagen III
E. direct and indirect immunodot test

A

C

45
Q

high-pressure liquid chromatography to detect
timidazole

A. fluorometry
B. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
C. radioimmunoassays
D. procollagen III
E. direct and indirect immunodot test

A

D

46
Q

detect acute-phase
proteins

A. fluorometry
B. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
C. radioimmunoassays
D. procollagen III
E. direct and indirect immunodot test

A

E

47
Q

group of enzymes responsible for degradation of most extracellular proteins during destructive process of periodontal disease and neutrophils are major source at the infected site

A. METAL PROTEINASES (MMP)/ MATRIXINS
B. ORGANIC CPDs

A

A

48
Q

→ enzymes need zinc or calcium atoms to work properly; thus, they are called metalloproteinases
→ increases significantly in pathological conditions leading to tissue destruction, such as inflammatory disease, tumor growth and metastasis

A. METAL PROTEINASES (MMP)/ MATRIXINS
B. ORGANIC CPDs

A

A

49
Q

glucose hexosamine and hexuronic acid are found in GCF

A. METAL PROTEINASES (MMP)/ MATRIXINS
B. ORGANIC CPDs

A

B

50
Q

A. METAL PROTEINASES (MMP)/ MATRIXINS
B. ORGANIC CPDs

A
51
Q

are the most common leukocytes present in gingival sulcus

A

polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)

52
Q

are the first line of defense in the dentogingival area

A

neutrophils

53
Q

it is now considered a main biologic fluid for diagnosis for human health and diseases

A

SALIVA

54
Q

hydrolytic enzyme that cleaves the linkages of cell walls of both gram + and - bacteria targets veillonella species and actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans that protects the oral cavity and repel transient bacterial invader

A. Lysozyme
B. Lactoperoxide- Thiocyanate
C. Lactoferrin
D. Myeloperoxidase
E. Human Alpha and Beta Defensins 1-2-3

A

Lysozyme

55
Q

bactericidal to lactobacillus and streptococcus by preventing accumulation of lysine and glutamic acid essential for bacterial growth

A. Lysozyme
B. Lactoperoxide- Thiocyanate
C. Lactoferrin
D. Myeloperoxidase
E. Human Alpha and Beta Defensins 1-2-3

A

Lactoperoxide- Thiocyanate

56
Q

effective against actinobacillus species

A. Lysozyme
B. Lactoperoxide- Thiocyanate
C. Lactoferrin
D. Myeloperoxidase
E. Human Alpha and Beta Defensins 1-2-3

A

Lactoferrin

57
Q

released by leukocytes and is bactericidal to actinobacillus and inhibits attachment of actinomyces to hydroxyapatite

A. Lysozyme
B. Lactoperoxide- Thiocyanate
C. Lactoferrin
D. Myeloperoxidase
E. Human Alpha and Beta Defensins 1-2-3

A

D

58
Q

combat bacterial infection important to homeostasis

A. Lysozyme
B. Lactoperoxide- Thiocyanate
C. Lactoferrin
D. Myeloperoxidase
E. Human Alpha and Beta Defensins 1-2-3

A

E

59
Q

antibodies in parotid saliva can inhibit the attachment of
oral streptococcus species to epithelial cells

A

IgA

60
Q

_____ is the major enzyme

A

parotic amylase

61
Q

recognized as contributors to the initiation and progression of periodontal disease

A

proteolytic enzymes

62
Q

are also found in saliva to combat the proteolytic enzymes that inhibit cysteine proteases such as cathepsins and antileukoproteases that inhibit elastase

A

antiproteases

63
Q

_____acid system is the most important buffer of saliva

A

bicarbonate-carbonic

64
Q

PMN in saliva are called ____

A

orogranulocyte

65
Q

long term autoimmune disease that primarily affects the body’s exocrine glands: lacrimal & salivary

A. Sjogren’s Syndrome
B. Mukulicz’s Disease
C. Sailolithiasis
D. Sarcoidosis
E. Xerostomia

A

A

66
Q

type of benign enlargement of the parotid and lacrimal glands

A. Sjogren’s Syndrome
B. Mukulicz’s Disease
C. Sailolithiasis
D. Sarcoidosis
E. Xerostomia

A

B

67
Q

salivary gland stone that cause pain and swelling of the salivary gland

A. Sjogren’s Syndrome
B. Mukulicz’s Disease
C. Sailolithiasis
D. Sarcoidosis
E. Xerostomia

A

C

68
Q

a disease characterized by the growth of tiny collections of inflammatory cells (granulomas) in any part of your body

A. Sjogren’s Syndrome
B. Mukulicz’s Disease
C. Sailolithiasis
D. Sarcoidosis
E. Xerostomia

A

D

69
Q

following radiotherapy

A. Sjogren’s Syndrome
B. Mukulicz’s Disease
C. Sailolithiasis
D. Sarcoidosis
E. Xerostomia

A

E

Perio 1 (3 decks)

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