lecture 6 (ch 9) Flashcards
bioethics
study of moral and ethical dilemmas that scientists and doctors encounter in medical research and in treatment of patients
the beginning of modern bioethics
eugenics
nazi germany
nuremberg code
contains 10 principles on ethics of human experimentation (all 10 listed in textbook)
research must obtain voluntary consent on human subjects
experiments must be designed to avoid human suffering
experiment must be terminiated if there is probable cause to believe that continuation of experiment will result in harm
did nuremberg code noticably change medical practice?
no
in 1966 what did Henry Beecher do
published paper in new england journal of medicine exposing low ethical standards of leading US medical researchers
when did leilani muir sue the government and what was it for
1996
sexual sterilization due to low IQ
belmont report
1976
3 basic principles for research ethics;
respect for person
beneficence
justice
gave protection to vulnerable ppl
all medical researchers in canada are currently regulated by _____
TCPS2
tri council policy statement 2
what must be submitted when conducting a study and to whom?
outline of study and ethics to research ethics board
competitive enrollment
method of recruiting participants to a research study that induces competition amongst research sites by rewarding those that are first to meet their targets for recruitment impact on medical training
Zussman’s study on ethics in medical practice
observed practices in ICU for 2 years
found discrepancy between what doctors say vs do
- on the surface doctors make it seem like families have right to decide on treatment, but they use 5 ways to assert their own viewpoint
- make decisions without first consulting family
- ignore advice of family under belief that family would later regret their advice
- selectively provide info so families accept doctors view
- overrule familys decision on basis that family members were too overwrought w emotion to make right decision
- define the decision as a technical matter rather than ethical issue
medical futility
judgement made by physician to withold or withdraw treatment on basis that therapy is unlikely to increase survival of patient, may inflict harm on them, or will only result in poor quality of life
refer to quercus video on Hassan Rasouli to understand context
