Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cardio pulm midterm > lecture 6: cardiothoracic surgery > Flashcards

lecture 6: cardiothoracic surgery Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 percutaneous revascularization procedures that are done

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary
angioplasty
arthrectomy
stenting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

percutaneous revascularization procedures is designed to revascularizate the ___

A

myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a Balloon tip catheter inserted through femoral artery radial artery called

A

angioplasty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

during an angioplasty the ballon is inflated to push ___ against ___-

A

plaque against lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

after you get an angioplasty a ___ is placed afterwards

A

stent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

if someone got an angioplasty there is no vigorous exercise for 5-7 days (T/F)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

someone who received an angioplasty can develop ____ arrthymias

A

ventricular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

after someone gets an angioplasty the return of blood flow is checked via

A

angiogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

immediately after someone get an angioplasty a ___ lb sandbag is placed over the ____ artery puncture site in the left and remains there for ___ hours , the purpose of this is to heal the artery heal and help stop the ___

A

10
femoral
6
bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is Used for coronary artery stenosis due to larger plaque build up

A

arthrectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

do arthrectomy and angioplasty have a similar procedure ?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

during an arthrectomy they insert a catheter with a ___ and ____ at the distal end

A

ballon and cutter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

if someone is needing to place an artery or vein into a blockage in the heart what are they going to get done

A

coronary artery bypass graft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 3 choices for graft for CABG

A

internal mammary arteries
radial arteries
saphenous veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

after someone gets an CABG there is a __ to___ % chance the pateint will experience a heart attack

A

2-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

myocardial stunning may happen after angioplasty which produces a ___ CO but can be reversible by iontropic meds , intraaortic ballon pump or LVAD

A

low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are some complications that patient may experience after a CABG

A

bleeding
neuro complication
infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what occurs up to 90% of patients are CABG

A

pleural effusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

patients who get CABG can also experience ___ failure and ____ effusion

A

renal
pericardial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

median sternotomy is a ___ incision along the sternum and requires ___ closure for healing

A

verticle
wire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

eternal precaution for a median sternotomy include movement and lifting limitation for ___ to ___ weeks

A

6-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what Device is used to temporarily restore cardiac output for people with Severe heart failure, post-op cardiac surgery, cardiogenic shock

A

intraortic ballon pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

intraaortic ballon pump is typically inserted thru the ___ artery or ___ artery

A

femoral or axillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

IABP is Typically inserted through the ____ artery or ____ artery

A

femoral or axillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the intraaortic ballon pump will inflate during ___ and deflate during ___

A

diastole
systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the whole purpose for the IABP is to maximize ___

A

CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

if someone has a femoral artery placement for IABP then the patient is on strict ___

A

bed rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

if someone uses axillary or iliac artery from IABP then ___ might be allowed

A

ambulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

which valve is the most commonly replaced

A

aortic valve (most pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

when someone uses the pulmonary valve to replace the aortic valve and the Pulmonary valve is replaced with donor valve what procedure is this called

A

ross

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

can the aortic valve be repaired ?

A

no just replaces

32
Q

which valves are rarely needed for repair or replacement

A

tricuspid and pulmonic ( bc low pressure)

33
Q

what type of procedure will be done with a valve replacement?

A

open heart sx (median sternotomy)

34
Q

if someone has a mechanical valve replacement then the patient is required to be on life long ___ ___ to prevent thrombus formation

A

blood thinners

35
Q

the bioprosthesis replacement has a reduced risk for ____

A

stroke

36
Q

mechanical valve replacements have an ___ risk for stroke

A

increase

37
Q

are patients required to be on lifelong blood thinners iof they have a broprosthesis replacement?

A

no

38
Q

TAVR , TMVR, TPVR and robot assisted valve repair are examples of what

A

percutaneous

39
Q

what produce is A flexible ring place around the mitral valve to support the reconstruction and to reinforce the annulus

A

mitral repair with annuloplasty

40
Q

is it better to get a valve replacement or repair

A

repair

41
Q

mitral repair has a better ___ of over mitral replacement

A

durability

42
Q

a big thing that is different between valve repair over valve replacement is that is does ___ require long term anticoagulation therapy to prevent thromboembolic events for mechanical valves

A

not

43
Q

which procedures are Designed to destroy ectopic cells located within the myocardium responsible for initiating the arrhythmias

A

cardiac ablation

44
Q

Cardiac Ablation Procedures produces a scar at the ___ to kill the ectopic cells

A

myocardium

45
Q

what procedure is a standard surgical procedure for the treatment of atrial fibrillation with or without heart disease (acquired or congenital).

A

cryomaze

46
Q

CRYOMAZE uses a _____ technology to create the “cuts” in the heart to block the abnormal circular electrical waves, instead of actual cuts with a blade.

A

freezing

47
Q

if you indicate SA node disorders (bradyarrhythmias) , AV nodeal disorders (heart block ), or tachyarrhythmias (SVTs) what will be implanted

A

pacemaker

48
Q

with helps with A systole

A

pacemaker

49
Q

what are the 2 types of pacemakers

A

unipolar and bipolar

50
Q

the unipolar pace marker has ___ electrode and there is one at the ______ (-) and second within the pace marker box

A

one
myocardium

51
Q

the bipolar pace markers has ___ leads , one at the right ___ , two at the ____

A

3
atrium
ventricles

52
Q

implantable cardioverter defibrillator is used to prevent life threatening ____

A

arrhythmias

53
Q

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) is used to correct what type of arrthymias

A

bradyarrthymias (pacemaker fxn)
tachyarrhythmias

54
Q

a pace marker or ICD can be placed ____ inside the right atrium and ventricle via access through a large vein (subclavian, int jugular, cephalic)

A

endocardially

55
Q

a pacemaker or IDC can be places ___ and It is used more often in children and patients undergoing heart surgery at the same time and often used for temporary pacing

A

epicardially

56
Q

incision for a pacemaker/ ICD is where

A

pec minor and upper pec major

57
Q

after someone has a pacemaker implanted there is no shoulder ___ , > then ____ degress for 4 weeks

A

elevation
90

58
Q

post op considerations after a pacemaker is implanted is no shoulder ___ or horizontal ___ pass the plane of the trunk

A

extension
abd

59
Q

after someone has a pacemarker implanted there is no ___ anything over 10 lbs for 4 weeks

A

lifting

60
Q

there will be a spike in the ___ wave which means atrial or a spike in the ____ complex which means ventricles , for someone with a pacemaker

A

p
qrs

61
Q

a carotid endarectomy is to reestablish ____ supply

A

blood

62
Q

the surgical incision for the carotid endarectomy is along the anterior border of the ___

A

SCM

63
Q

what is Indicated for aneurysms > 5cm or wit rapid enlargement and Sudden change in characteristic of pain

A

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

64
Q

the incision for the Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
is at the midline of the ___ and proceeds to the ____

A

xiphoid
pubis

65
Q

post op considerations for someone who has an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair is to purposely discourage the use of of ___ mm during coughing

A

abs

66
Q

what is the Procedure used to drain excess fluid from
pleural space

A

thoracocentesis

67
Q

someone who is having a thoractomy will have a large incision made thru the ____ mm

A

intercostals

68
Q

during a posterolateral thoracotomy this is an incision from ____ to 6th IC space

A

T4

69
Q

what muscle is divided during posterolaterla thoracotomy

A

serratus anterior

70
Q

which never is preserved during a posterolateral thoracotomy

A

long thoracic nerve

71
Q

someone who had an anterolaterla thoracotomy will have an incision form the ___ and ___ IC space at the mid axillary line to the midclavicular region

A

4th and 5th

72
Q

which muscle is incised and which muslce fibers are separated for someone who has a anterolaterla thoracotomy

A

pec major
SA

73
Q

someone that had a lateral thoracotomy will have an incision near the ___ line and extending towards the scap

A

nipple line

74
Q

which muscle is retracted during a laterla thoracotomy and which mm are incised

A

lats
SA and intercostals

75
Q

someone who had a Thoracoabdominal Incision will have an incision at the e___ and ____ IC space at the post axillary line to midline of abdomen

A

8th and 9th

76
Q

what are some post op difficulties with someone with a Thoracoabdominal Incision

A

coughing
deep breathing
thoracic extension

cardio pulm midterm (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions