Lecture 6: Cardiomyopathy Flashcards
Cardiomyopathy (Def)
Geterogenous group of disease of mycardium w/ mechanical/electrical dysfunction w/ ventricular hypertropy or dilation
Are cardiomyopathies ever genetic?
Yes, typically.
To diagnose cardiomyopathy, you must exclude…
Coronary, valvular, and HT diseases
Mechanical dysfunction can lead to…(and 4 symptoms)
Progressive heart failure (dyspnea, fatigue, edema, syncope)
Electrical dysfunction can lead to…
Arrhythmias and sudden death
Two classifications of cardiomyopathy
Primary (confined to heart) or secondary (part of generalized systemic disorder)
Morphological and functional classifications of cardiomyopathy (3)
Dilated (progressive dilation and systolic dysfunction); Hypertrophic (decreased compliance –> diastolic dysfunction); Restrictive (stiff mycoardium, decreased compliance –> diastolic dysfunction)
What is the most common cardiomyopathy? Which is associated with decreased ejection fraction?
Dilated; dilated again!
100% of which morphological cardiomyopathy is related to genetics?
Hypertrophic
Dilated cardiomyopathy is generally concomitant with…
Hypertrophy of ventricle
What do we see in the heart w/ hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? (3)
Thickened ventricle wall, reduced LV volume, enlarged LA
In all 3 morphological cardiomyopathies, what is enlarged?
LA
Describe patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (age, onset)
Typically 40-50 years of age, insidious onset
The causes of dilated cardiomyopathy are…given examples
Diverse! Idiopathic, familial (~30%), infectious (viral = coxsackie B), inflammatory, toxic (alcohol), metabolic, muscular dystrophy
What gene is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy?
TTN, encodes for titin, the largest protein expressed in humans