Lecture 6: Anatomy of the Bladder, Urethra and internal gonads

Question 1

The muscular pouch in the bladder contains a specialised muscle called what?

Answer 1

Detrusor muscle

Question 2

How would you describe the detrusor muscle?

Answer 2

involuntary smooth muscle that has an interlacing pattern

Question 3

Which nervous system would be active for the detrusor muscle to contract? This would cause what?

Answer 3

Parasympathetic, micturition

Question 4

What is bounded where the ureters enter superiorly and the urethra exits inferiorly?

Answer 4

Trigone

Question 5

Bladders epithelium is also known as what? And what?

Answer 5

Transitional epithelium, urothelium

Question 6

Transitional epithelium resembles? And how are basal and surface cells different? How are cells when bladder full?

Answer 6

Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal, basal = cuboidal or columnar, surface = dome shaped or squamous-like

Bladder distended = squamous surface, reduced stratification cuboidal

Question 7

The internal urethral sphincter is controlled by which nervous system to contract? Via which nerve?

Answer 7

Sympathetic nervous system, ¥ involuntary, hypogastric nerve

Question 8

The external urethral sphincter is innervated by what?

Answer 8

Pudendal nerve, voluntary

Question 9

Female urethra is supported by what? Passes through which membrane?

Answer 9

Pubovesical ligament (vesical=urethra), perineal

Question 10

Which 2 muscles cradle the bladder (particularly in female?)

Answer 10

Levator ani and obturator muscles (internal and external?)

Question 11

What are the 4 parts of the male urethra called?

Answer 11

Preprostatic, prostatic, membranous amd spongy

Question 12

What is spongy portion of urthra surrounded by muscle wise? What is it supported by?

Answer 12

surrounded by corpus spongiosum and bulbospongiosus muscle

Supported by: prostate surrounding the neck of the bladder

puboprostatic ligament

Question 13

What does the inf. lateral parts of prostate sit on?

Answer 13

Levator ani

Question 14

Where is the median lobe of the prostate?

Answer 14

Median (behind urethra and ejaculatory ducts) with median sulcus of the 2 lateral lobes

Question 15

Prostatic fluid is what % of ejaculate?

Answer 15

30%

Question 16

What are the seminal vesicles? What are their function?

Answer 16

Pair of male accessory glands, Secretes seminal fluid which makes up the majority of ejaculate, has a high fructose content and is alkaline

Question 17

Describe anatomy of seminal vesicles (where are they?)

Answer 17

Found on the posterior surface (base) of bladder, anterior to rectum and lateral
to ductus deferens

• Joins with the ductus deferens to form ejaculatory duct

Question 18

Internal gonads in foetal life are pulled down by what?

Answer 18

Gubernaculum