Lecture #6: Adult Disorders Continued Flashcards

1
Q

Maternal Conditions

Poor ____

Multi-parity (________)

Abnormal __________

________

_____ or _____abuse

Medical disorders:

1
2
3

_________

_______

A

diet

(+3 living children)

weight (200 lbs.)

Smoking

Alcohol or drug

  1. Diabetes
  2. Cardiac disease
  3. Preeclampsia

Corticosteroids

Anemia

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2
Q

Infections:

A

Toxoplasmosis

Rubella

Cytomegalovirus

Herpes

Sexually transmitted diseases

Streptococcus

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3
Q

Intrapartum:

A

Preterm labor

Medications

Abruptio placentae

Placenta previa

Umbilical cord prolapse: cord comes out first and can tighten and cut off oxygen

Breech delivery: feet first; can cut off exygen

Shoulder dyslocia: shoulder comes out

Ceasarian delivery

Obstetric analgesia: topical application

Obstetric anesthesia: air or blood supply

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4
Q

Prematurity

Before ______- preterm

____ of all US births are premature

____ less than 32 weeks

Often _____are premature

___ twins; ___ triplets

Viable at ____

Low ____ (normal weight ______grams)

A

37 weeks

12%

2%

multiple births

57%; 93%

23 weeks

weight; 2500-3999

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5
Q

Special Problems

Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)

_____ or _____ blood supply to the intestine

_____ severity

Causes _______

Restricted __________

___ and _____

_____ effects

A

Infection; decreased

Infection

not well known

from oral feedings

Signs and symptoms

Long-term

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6
Q

Gastroesophogeal Reflux/ Disease (GER/GERD)

Flow of stomach contents…

GER Common in ______

GERD = _________

________ compromise

Treatments:
1.
2.

A

back into esophagus

premature infants and others

pathological or complicated

Respiratory

  1. Positioning
  2. Medications
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7
Q

Fistulas

_________ (TEF)

Esophageal Fistula

Occur __________

_____ variants

Clinical ____

Requires ________

_________ concerns

A

Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Atresia (TEF)

early in first trimester

Five

signs

surgical intervention

Post operative

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8
Q

Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory Distress Syndrome- RDS (___________)

Usually seen with _____

Treatment:

1.
2.
3.

Complications long-term:

1.
2.
3.

A

Hyaline Membrane Disease

prematurity

  1. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-can’t feed
  2. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
  3. Surficant replacement tx, oxygen, ventilation
  4. Bronchopulmonary dysphasia
  5. Oral and pharyngeal abnormalities
  6. Long-term tube feeding
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9
Q

More Respiratory problems

Transient Tachypnia (TTN)

Cause ____

Usually __________

Probably poor __________

Signs: __________

_____ retractions, _____flaring,

Treatment: ________

A

unknown

temporary with good prognosis

clearance of lung fluid during birth

Breathe rapidly, respiratory distress, cyanosis,

Subcostal; nasal

oxygen
Can’t feed on CPAP

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10
Q

More Respiratory Issues

Apnea: ________

More than _______

Also shows _______

Premature infants: ________

At least ___ of premies (below 1800 grams/34 weeks) have at least ___ apneic episode; all infants less than ______)

Usually gone by ________or more

Causes: ___ versus ______

  • Immature _______
  • Also: ____________

Treatment: ______

A

Cessation of breathing

20 seconds

bradycardia

apneic periods of 5-10 seconds then 5-10 seconds of rapid breathing

25%; one;28 weeks

34-35 weeks

CNS vs obstructive

chemocontrol

infections, metabolic disorder, impaired oxygenation system, maternal drugs, intracranial lesions, poor temperature regulations and GERD

Monitoring + stimulation
Medications

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11
Q

More Respiratory Issues

Broncho-pulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

_______ and ______

Seen in _______

Abnormal development of______

Causes:

A

Inflammation; Scarring

premies

the lung tissue

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12
Q
Neurological Disorders
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
  1. Microencephaly
  2. Hydrocephalus
  3. Intracranial Hemorrhage
  4. Seizures
  5. Periventricular Leukomalacia
  6. Birth injuries
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13
Q

Cardiovascular Disorders

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Cardiac septation
  2. Patent ductus arteriosus
  3. Tetralogy of Fallot
  4. Truncus arteriosus
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14
Q

Congenital Anomalies

Cleft ____ and _____

Cause:

Incidence=

More_____ than _____

Many associated difficulties:

A

lip and palate

Failure of mesenchymal masses in medial nasal and maxillary prominences to join

1 in 700 live births

boys than girls

Many different syndromes Post-surgical complications

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15
Q

Pediatric Feeding disorders

Inability to _______________

A

consume sufficient calories for optimal grown and development

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16
Q

Signs of problematic Eating

A

Poor weight gain

Coughing, choking, or gagging during meals

Problems with vomiting

History of a traumatic choking incident

History of eating and breathing coordination problems with ongoing respiratory issues

Inability to make the transition to baby food purees by 10 months

Inability to accept table food solids by 12 months

Inability to make the transition from breast to bottle to cup by 16 months

Has not been weaned from baby foods by 16 months

Aversion or avoidance of all foods of specific texture or food groups

Food range of fewer than 20 foods

Crying or arching by the infant at most meals

Family fighting about food and feeding

Repeated parental reports that the child is difficult for everyone to feed

Parental history of an eating disorder with a child not meeting weight goals

17
Q

Medical Impact on Feeding

A

Prematurity

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Esophogitis

Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EE)

Celiac Disease

Others:
Hirschsprung’s Disease, cyclic vomiting syndrome, gastroparesis, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, irritable bowel syndrome, dyspepsia

18
Q

Cardiac and Respiratory Conditions

Disorders of the ____and ____

Allergies

____ of population has food allergies

8 foods make up__:

A

head and neck

2-2.5%

90%

Peanuts, tree nuts, mild, eggs, wheat, soy, fish, shellfish

19
Q
Sensory Impact on Feeding
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
  1. Sensory modulation problems
  2. Sensory registration problems
  3. Sensory defensiveness/hypersensitivity

4Hyposensitivity

20
Q

By Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorders

  1. __% have food selectivity problems
  2. ______

Cerebral Palsy

1______Reflex
2.

A
  1. 62
  2. GERD/ Constipation
  3. Tonic Bite
  4. Undernourishment
21
Q

Brain Injury
1.____ children with TBI have _______

2._________

Down Syndrome
_____have feeding difficulties
Low ______

A
  1. 30-60%; feeding problems
  2. Oral motor dysfunction, self-feeding problems, frontal lobe involvement

80%
muscle tone

22
Q

Myofacial Anomalies

A

Tngue thrust