Lecture #6: Adult Disorders Continued Flashcards
Maternal Conditions
Poor ____
Multi-parity (________)
Abnormal __________
________
_____ or _____abuse
Medical disorders:
1
2
3
_________
_______
diet
(+3 living children)
weight (200 lbs.)
Smoking
Alcohol or drug
- Diabetes
- Cardiac disease
- Preeclampsia
Corticosteroids
Anemia
Infections:
Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes
Sexually transmitted diseases
Streptococcus
Intrapartum:
Preterm labor
Medications
Abruptio placentae
Placenta previa
Umbilical cord prolapse: cord comes out first and can tighten and cut off oxygen
Breech delivery: feet first; can cut off exygen
Shoulder dyslocia: shoulder comes out
Ceasarian delivery
Obstetric analgesia: topical application
Obstetric anesthesia: air or blood supply
Prematurity
Before ______- preterm
____ of all US births are premature
____ less than 32 weeks
Often _____are premature
___ twins; ___ triplets
Viable at ____
Low ____ (normal weight ______grams)
37 weeks
12%
2%
multiple births
57%; 93%
23 weeks
weight; 2500-3999
Special Problems
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
_____ or _____ blood supply to the intestine
_____ severity
Causes _______
Restricted __________
___ and _____
_____ effects
Infection; decreased
Infection
not well known
from oral feedings
Signs and symptoms
Long-term
Gastroesophogeal Reflux/ Disease (GER/GERD)
Flow of stomach contents…
GER Common in ______
GERD = _________
________ compromise
Treatments:
1.
2.
back into esophagus
premature infants and others
pathological or complicated
Respiratory
- Positioning
- Medications
Fistulas
_________ (TEF)
Esophageal Fistula
Occur __________
_____ variants
Clinical ____
Requires ________
_________ concerns
Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Atresia (TEF)
early in first trimester
Five
signs
surgical intervention
Post operative
Respiratory Disorders
Respiratory Distress Syndrome- RDS (___________)
Usually seen with _____
Treatment:
1.
2.
3.
Complications long-term:
1.
2.
3.
Hyaline Membrane Disease
prematurity
- Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-can’t feed
- Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
- Surficant replacement tx, oxygen, ventilation
- Bronchopulmonary dysphasia
- Oral and pharyngeal abnormalities
- Long-term tube feeding
More Respiratory problems
Transient Tachypnia (TTN)
Cause ____
Usually __________
Probably poor __________
Signs: __________
_____ retractions, _____flaring,
Treatment: ________
unknown
temporary with good prognosis
clearance of lung fluid during birth
Breathe rapidly, respiratory distress, cyanosis,
Subcostal; nasal
oxygen
Can’t feed on CPAP
More Respiratory Issues
Apnea: ________
More than _______
Also shows _______
Premature infants: ________
At least ___ of premies (below 1800 grams/34 weeks) have at least ___ apneic episode; all infants less than ______)
Usually gone by ________or more
Causes: ___ versus ______
- Immature _______
- Also: ____________
Treatment: ______
Cessation of breathing
20 seconds
bradycardia
apneic periods of 5-10 seconds then 5-10 seconds of rapid breathing
25%; one;28 weeks
34-35 weeks
CNS vs obstructive
chemocontrol
infections, metabolic disorder, impaired oxygenation system, maternal drugs, intracranial lesions, poor temperature regulations and GERD
Monitoring + stimulation
Medications
More Respiratory Issues
Broncho-pulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)
_______ and ______
Seen in _______
Abnormal development of______
Causes:
Inflammation; Scarring
premies
the lung tissue
Neurological Disorders 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
- Microencephaly
- Hydrocephalus
- Intracranial Hemorrhage
- Seizures
- Periventricular Leukomalacia
- Birth injuries
Cardiovascular Disorders
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Cardiac septation
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Truncus arteriosus
Congenital Anomalies
Cleft ____ and _____
Cause:
Incidence=
More_____ than _____
Many associated difficulties:
lip and palate
Failure of mesenchymal masses in medial nasal and maxillary prominences to join
1 in 700 live births
boys than girls
Many different syndromes Post-surgical complications
Pediatric Feeding disorders
Inability to _______________
consume sufficient calories for optimal grown and development
Signs of problematic Eating
Poor weight gain
Coughing, choking, or gagging during meals
Problems with vomiting
History of a traumatic choking incident
History of eating and breathing coordination problems with ongoing respiratory issues
Inability to make the transition to baby food purees by 10 months
Inability to accept table food solids by 12 months
Inability to make the transition from breast to bottle to cup by 16 months
Has not been weaned from baby foods by 16 months
Aversion or avoidance of all foods of specific texture or food groups
Food range of fewer than 20 foods
Crying or arching by the infant at most meals
Family fighting about food and feeding
Repeated parental reports that the child is difficult for everyone to feed
Parental history of an eating disorder with a child not meeting weight goals
Medical Impact on Feeding
Prematurity
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Esophogitis
Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EE)
Celiac Disease
Others:
Hirschsprung’s Disease, cyclic vomiting syndrome, gastroparesis, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, irritable bowel syndrome, dyspepsia
Cardiac and Respiratory Conditions
Disorders of the ____and ____
Allergies
____ of population has food allergies
8 foods make up__:
head and neck
2-2.5%
90%
Peanuts, tree nuts, mild, eggs, wheat, soy, fish, shellfish
Sensory Impact on Feeding 1. 2. 3. 4.
- Sensory modulation problems
- Sensory registration problems
- Sensory defensiveness/hypersensitivity
4Hyposensitivity
By Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorders
- __% have food selectivity problems
- ______
Cerebral Palsy
1______Reflex
2.
- 62
- GERD/ Constipation
- Tonic Bite
- Undernourishment
Brain Injury
1.____ children with TBI have _______
2._________
Down Syndrome
_____have feeding difficulties
Low ______
- 30-60%; feeding problems
- Oral motor dysfunction, self-feeding problems, frontal lobe involvement
80%
muscle tone
Myofacial Anomalies
Tngue thrust
