Lecture #6: Adult Disorders Continued Flashcards
Maternal Conditions
Poor ____
Multi-parity (________)
Abnormal __________
________
_____ or _____abuse
Medical disorders:
1
2
3
_________
_______
diet
(+3 living children)
weight (200 lbs.)
Smoking
Alcohol or drug
- Diabetes
- Cardiac disease
- Preeclampsia
Corticosteroids
Anemia
Infections:
Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes
Sexually transmitted diseases
Streptococcus
Intrapartum:
Preterm labor
Medications
Abruptio placentae
Placenta previa
Umbilical cord prolapse: cord comes out first and can tighten and cut off oxygen
Breech delivery: feet first; can cut off exygen
Shoulder dyslocia: shoulder comes out
Ceasarian delivery
Obstetric analgesia: topical application
Obstetric anesthesia: air or blood supply
Prematurity
Before ______- preterm
____ of all US births are premature
____ less than 32 weeks
Often _____are premature
___ twins; ___ triplets
Viable at ____
Low ____ (normal weight ______grams)
37 weeks
12%
2%
multiple births
57%; 93%
23 weeks
weight; 2500-3999
Special Problems
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
_____ or _____ blood supply to the intestine
_____ severity
Causes _______
Restricted __________
___ and _____
_____ effects
Infection; decreased
Infection
not well known
from oral feedings
Signs and symptoms
Long-term
Gastroesophogeal Reflux/ Disease (GER/GERD)
Flow of stomach contents…
GER Common in ______
GERD = _________
________ compromise
Treatments:
1.
2.
back into esophagus
premature infants and others
pathological or complicated
Respiratory
- Positioning
- Medications
Fistulas
_________ (TEF)
Esophageal Fistula
Occur __________
_____ variants
Clinical ____
Requires ________
_________ concerns
Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Atresia (TEF)
early in first trimester
Five
signs
surgical intervention
Post operative
Respiratory Disorders
Respiratory Distress Syndrome- RDS (___________)
Usually seen with _____
Treatment:
1.
2.
3.
Complications long-term:
1.
2.
3.
Hyaline Membrane Disease
prematurity
- Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-can’t feed
- Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
- Surficant replacement tx, oxygen, ventilation
- Bronchopulmonary dysphasia
- Oral and pharyngeal abnormalities
- Long-term tube feeding
More Respiratory problems
Transient Tachypnia (TTN)
Cause ____
Usually __________
Probably poor __________
Signs: __________
_____ retractions, _____flaring,
Treatment: ________
unknown
temporary with good prognosis
clearance of lung fluid during birth
Breathe rapidly, respiratory distress, cyanosis,
Subcostal; nasal
oxygen
Can’t feed on CPAP
More Respiratory Issues
Apnea: ________
More than _______
Also shows _______
Premature infants: ________
At least ___ of premies (below 1800 grams/34 weeks) have at least ___ apneic episode; all infants less than ______)
Usually gone by ________or more
Causes: ___ versus ______
- Immature _______
- Also: ____________
Treatment: ______
Cessation of breathing
20 seconds
bradycardia
apneic periods of 5-10 seconds then 5-10 seconds of rapid breathing
25%; one;28 weeks
34-35 weeks
CNS vs obstructive
chemocontrol
infections, metabolic disorder, impaired oxygenation system, maternal drugs, intracranial lesions, poor temperature regulations and GERD
Monitoring + stimulation
Medications
More Respiratory Issues
Broncho-pulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)
_______ and ______
Seen in _______
Abnormal development of______
Causes:
Inflammation; Scarring
premies
the lung tissue
Neurological Disorders 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
- Microencephaly
- Hydrocephalus
- Intracranial Hemorrhage
- Seizures
- Periventricular Leukomalacia
- Birth injuries
Cardiovascular Disorders
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Cardiac septation
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Truncus arteriosus
Congenital Anomalies
Cleft ____ and _____
Cause:
Incidence=
More_____ than _____
Many associated difficulties:
lip and palate
Failure of mesenchymal masses in medial nasal and maxillary prominences to join
1 in 700 live births
boys than girls
Many different syndromes Post-surgical complications
Pediatric Feeding disorders
Inability to _______________
consume sufficient calories for optimal grown and development