Lecture 6 Flashcards
Non essential amino acids
Alanine, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine
Conditionally essential amino acids
Arg, Cys, Gln, Gly, Pro, Tyr
Essential AA
His, Ice, Leu, Lys, Met, The, Thr, Trp, Val
Degradation products of Acetyl-CoA
Leu, Ile, Thr, Lys, Phe, Tyr, Trp. Ketogenic
Degradation products of Pyruvate
Ala, Cys, Gly, Ser, Thr, Trp. Glucogenic
Degradation products of AKG
Arg, Glu, Gln, His, Pro. GLucogenic
Degradation products of succinylcholine-CoA
ile, Met, Thr, Val. Glucogenic
Degradation products of fumarate
Phe, Tyr. Glucogenic
Degradation products of OAA
Asp, Asn. Glucogenic
Pepsin cuts proteins into peptides where?
trypsin and chymotrypsin cuts proteins where?
Aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase A/B cuts proteins where?
stomach
small intestine
small intestine
Aquatic verts release ammonia where and how?
to the environment via PD and AT
Terrestrial verts and sharks excrete nitrogen in what form?
urea (less toxic and more soluble)
Birds and reptiles excrete nitrogen as?
uric acid (soluble, paste form conserves water)
Humans and Apes excrete?
both urea and uric acid
Explain Enzymatic transamination
catalyzed by aminotransferase, uses pyridoxal phosphate factor, alpha ketogluterate accepts amino groups, L-glutamine acts as storage for nitrogen
alpha ketogluterate accepts amino groups (1st and 2nd amine transfers)
1st = leads to synthesis of glutamate (transanimation) 2nd = synthesis glutamine
explain ammonia transport in bloodstream
toxic in brain, converted to glutamine in hepatic tissues and brought to liver. Excess glutamine processes in intestines, kidneys and liver
How does body avoid lactic acid build up
Glucose-alanine cycle = pyruvate made by glycolysis, pyruvate is converted to alanine and brought to liver
Explain nitrogen acquiring rxn of Carbamoyl Phosphate
CP condenses with ornithine to make citrullene, that releases the phosphate of CP into mito matrix. citrullene transported to cytosol
Explain nitrogen acquiring rxn of entry of Aspartate
in cytosol, citrullene reaches with ATP to make citrullyl-amp. AMP acts as good leaving group, aspartate attracts amide carbon which makes argininosuccinate
