Lecture 6

Question 1

Non essential amino acids

Answer 1

Alanine, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine

Question 2

Conditionally essential amino acids

Answer 2

Arg, Cys, Gln, Gly, Pro, Tyr

Question 3

Essential AA

Answer 3

His, Ice, Leu, Lys, Met, The, Thr, Trp, Val

Question 4

Degradation products of Acetyl-CoA

Answer 4

Leu, Ile, Thr, Lys, Phe, Tyr, Trp. Ketogenic

Question 5

Degradation products of Pyruvate

Answer 5

Ala, Cys, Gly, Ser, Thr, Trp. Glucogenic

Question 6

Degradation products of AKG

Answer 6

Arg, Glu, Gln, His, Pro. GLucogenic

Question 7

Degradation products of succinylcholine-CoA

Answer 7

ile, Met, Thr, Val. Glucogenic

Question 8

Degradation products of fumarate

Answer 8

Phe, Tyr. Glucogenic

Question 9

Degradation products of OAA

Answer 9

Asp, Asn. Glucogenic

Question 10

Pepsin cuts proteins into peptides where?
trypsin and chymotrypsin cuts proteins where?
Aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase A/B cuts proteins where?

Answer 10

stomach
small intestine
small intestine

Question 11

Aquatic verts release ammonia where and how?

Answer 11

to the environment via PD and AT

Question 12

Terrestrial verts and sharks excrete nitrogen in what form?

Answer 12

urea (less toxic and more soluble)

Question 13

Birds and reptiles excrete nitrogen as?

Answer 13

uric acid (soluble, paste form conserves water)

Question 14

Humans and Apes excrete?

Answer 14

both urea and uric acid

Question 15

Explain Enzymatic transamination

Answer 15

catalyzed by aminotransferase, uses pyridoxal phosphate factor, alpha ketogluterate accepts amino groups, L-glutamine acts as storage for nitrogen

Question 16

alpha ketogluterate accepts amino groups (1st and 2nd amine transfers)

Answer 16

1st = leads to synthesis of glutamate (transanimation)
2nd = synthesis glutamine

Question 17

explain ammonia transport in bloodstream

Answer 17

toxic in brain, converted to glutamine in hepatic tissues and brought to liver. Excess glutamine processes in intestines, kidneys and liver

Question 18

How does body avoid lactic acid build up

Answer 18

Glucose-alanine cycle = pyruvate made by glycolysis, pyruvate is converted to alanine and brought to liver

Question 19

Explain nitrogen acquiring rxn of Carbamoyl Phosphate

Answer 19

CP condenses with ornithine to make citrullene, that releases the phosphate of CP into mito matrix. citrullene transported to cytosol

Question 20

Explain nitrogen acquiring rxn of entry of Aspartate

Answer 20

in cytosol, citrullene reaches with ATP to make citrullyl-amp. AMP acts as good leaving group, aspartate attracts amide carbon which makes argininosuccinate