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Orthodontic principles 2020 > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What do the mechanical effects on the PDL cells cause the release of?

A
  • Cytokines
  • Prostaglandins
  • Chemical messengers
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2
Q

What happens to blood flow on the compressed PDL area?

A

-It decreases

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3
Q

What happens to blood flow on the PDL under tension?

A

-It increases

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4
Q

What does the alterations in blood flow create?

A

-Changes in oxygen/carbon dioxide levels

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5
Q

When a force is applied to a tooth the fluids are expressed out of what area?

A

The PDL space

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6
Q

When the blood flow through the partially compressed PDL decreases the chemical environment produces what?

A
  • Increases in Prostaglandin E,
  • Increase in IL-1 Beta
  • Increase in cAMP
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7
Q

Is a prostaglandin release a primary or secondary response to pressure?

A

-Primary

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8
Q

T/F Prostaglandins stimulate both osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity

A

True

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9
Q

cAMP levels typically increase after how many hours of sustained pressure?

A

-4-6 hrs

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10
Q

If a removable appliance is worn less that how many hows per day it will not have any orthodontic effects?

A

Less than 6 hrs

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11
Q

What are the two thresholds for tooth movement?

A
  • 5-10 grams/square cm of force

- 4-6 hrs of sustained pressure

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12
Q

If you have to much force and continuous pressure what happens to the blood vessels at the PDL?

A

-The blood vessels are totally occluded and a sterile necrosis of PDL tissue ensues

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13
Q

T/F When the PDL is compressed to the point that blood flow is totally cut off, differentiation of osteoclasts within the PDL space is no longer possible

A

True

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14
Q

After a delay of several days, osteoclasts within the adjacent marrow spaces attack the underside of the lamina dura in a process called what?

A

-Undermining resorption

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15
Q

During undermining resorption what causes tooth movement to be delayed?

A
  • Delay in the stimulation of differentiation of the cells

- Delayed due to the thickness of bone that must be removed from the underside

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16
Q

Osteoclasts are activated from what during light pressure of tooth movement?

A

-Local population of progenitor cells int he PDL

17
Q

With frontal resorption a steady attack on the outer surface of the lamina dura results in what>

A

-Smooth continuous tooth movement

18
Q

With undermining resorption there is a delay in movement until what?

A

-The bone adjacent to the tooth can be removed

19
Q

T/F Even with light forces in clinical orthodontics, small avascular areas are likely to develop in the PDL even with the lightest of wires

A

True

20
Q

Most dental trauma occurs at what age and what area?

A

-7-10 in the anterior incisor region

21
Q

T/F Avulsed primary teeth should be replanted

A

False

-Should not

22
Q

Avulsed permanent teeth require follow up evaluations for a minimum of how many years to determine the outcome of therapy

A

2-3 yrs

23
Q

If extraoral dry time is less than one hour with or without storage in a phsyiological media what should you do with the tooth?

A

-Replant immediately

24
Q

If the extraoral dry time is greater than 60 minutes what should you do?

A

-Soak tooth in an accepted dental fluoride solution for 20 min, rinse with saline and replant

25
Q

How far should the splint extend distally?

A

-at least two non involved teeth

26
Q

What should home care during splinting teeth encompass?

A
  • No biting on splinted teeth

- Soft diet

27
Q

What is a load applied to an object that will tend to move it to a different position in space known as?

A

-Force

28
Q

What is a point at which resistance to movement can be concentrated for mathematical analysis known as?

A

-Center of resistance

29
Q

T/F For an object in free space, the center of resistance is the same as the center of mass

A

True

30
Q

What is the measure of the tendency of a force to rotate an object around some force?

A

-Moment

31
Q

A moment is generated how?

A

-By a force acting at a distance to the center of resistance

32
Q

What are two forces equal in magnitude and opposite in direction known as?

A

-Couple

33
Q

What will a couple produce?

A

-Pure rotation, spinning the object around its center of resistance

34
Q

What is the point around which rotation actually occurs when an object is being moved known as?

A

-Center of rotation

35
Q

The application of what to the crown of a tooth is the mechanism by which bodily movement of a tooth can be produced?

A

-Couple and Force

36
Q

The center of resistance for any tooth is at approximately ______ of the distance between the apex of the tooth and the crest of the alveolar bone.

A

six-tenths

Orthodontic principles 2020 (14 decks)

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