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Comparative Zoology > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Coelom?

A

A body cavity in animals that provides space for internal organs and is used for functions like movement and organ development

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2
Q

What is the body cavity in animals that provides space for internal organs and is used for functions like movement and organ development

A

the Coelom

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3
Q

What is the term for the ancestral larval stage of many molluscs that has a spherical body shape and has bands of cilia?

A

Trochophore Larva

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4
Q

What are the bands of cilia used for in Trochophore Larva?

A

for swimming

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5
Q

What is the anterior portion (head-foot) of molluscs used for? (3)

A
  1. Feeding
  2. Sensory Input
  3. Locomotion
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6
Q

What is the name of the portion of the mollusc body that contains the internal organs; digestive, circulatory, and reproductive systems?

A

Visceral Mass

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7
Q

The Visceral Mass of the Mollusc body contains what?

A

Internal Organs; digestive, circulatory, and reproductive systems

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8
Q

What is the Radula?

A

a tongue-like organ with teeth - used for scraping food off surfaces and transporting it to the digestive system

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9
Q

Radula are found in all molluscs except…

A

Bivalves (and most solengastres)

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10
Q

What is the Odontophore?

A

a cartilaginous structure that supports the Radula and aids in its movement

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11
Q

What is the structure that supports the Radula and assists with movement?

A

Odontophore

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12
Q

What is the muscle structure thats used for locomotion, attachment to surfaces, and swimming?

A

Molluscan Foot

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13
Q

What is the sheet of skin (tissue) covering the visceral mass and soft body parts - and is responsible for secreting the shell?

A

the Mantle

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14
Q

What is the space between the Mantle ad the Visceral Mass?

A

Mantle Cavity

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15
Q

What are the respiratory organs found in the mantle cavity known as?

A

Ctenidia

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16
Q

The Ctenidia is involved in what function?

A

Gas Exchange using countercurrent flow (maximizing efficiency)

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17
Q

Most molluscs have what type of circulatory system?

A

an Open Circulatory System

18
Q

What is the difference between an open and a closed circulatory system?

A

in an open system, blood is not entirely contained within vessels
in a closed system, blood flows entirely within vessels

19
Q

Closed circulatory systems are found in what kind of molluscs?

A

Cephalopods

20
Q

What is the outer organic layer of a molluscs shell called?

A

Periostracum

21
Q

What is the purpose of the Periostracum?

A

it protects the shell from damage and erosion

22
Q

What is the Periostracum composed of?

A

Conchiolin

23
Q

What is the middle layer of the shell called?

A

the Prismatic Layer

24
Q

What is the purpose of the Prismatic Layer of the shell?

A

its calcium carbonate crystals in its protein matrix provides strength and support

25
Q

What is the innermost layer of the shell called?

A

Nacreous Layer

26
Q

What does the Nacreous layer of the shell produce?

A

Nacre - (Mother of Pearl)

27
Q

What are the paired excretory kidney-like organs known as?

A

Metanphridia

28
Q

What are Dioecious organisms?

A

Organisms with distinct male and female sexes

29
Q

What is the secondary larval stage in molluscs?

A

Veliger Larva

30
Q

What is Conchiolin?

A

a protein that composes the outer layer of the Periostracum Layer in molluscs

31
Q

What is Countercurrent Exchange?

A

mechanism where fluids flow in opposite directions for optimal substance transfer

32
Q

What is a Siphon? What is its purpose?

A

A tube like structure used for drawing in water for respiration and expelling water for movement

33
Q

What is a Nephrostome?

A

the opening of the Metanphridia into the coelom where waste is collected

34
Q

What is the Nephridiopore?

A

the external opening of the Metanphridia where waste is excreted

35
Q

Where is the waste excreted from in molluscs?

A

the Nephridiopore of the Metanphridia(s) in Molluscs

36
Q

On one end of the Metanphridia is the _________ which opens into the ______; on the other end is the __________ which opens to the outside of the body to expel waste

A

Nephrostome; Coelom; Nephridiopore

37
Q

What are the 3 layers of the shell in molluscs? (superficial - deep)

A
  1. Periostracum
  2. Prismatic
  3. Nacreous
38
Q

Which of the mollusc types have a closed circulatory system?

A

Cephalopods

39
Q

What structures are the “gills” of the molluscs

A

Ctenidia

40
Q

What are the 3 Larval developmental stages?

A
  1. Trochophore Larva
  2. Veliger Larva
  3. Direct development

Comparative Zoology (4 decks)

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