Lecture 6 Flashcards
What is the definition of Ethics?
ethics are moral standards or guidelines for good conduct and decision-making.
What is the definition of morality?
Morality refers to the distinction between good and bad or right and wrong conduct. It involves judgments about behaviours that cause harm or improve human welfare.
Morality informs and motivates ethics, but ethics account for shared social/cultural norms more than individual views of right and wrong.
What is the definition of descriptive ethics?
Describes existing morality, such as customs, habits, opinions about good and evil, responsible and irresponsible behaviour and acceptable and unacceptable actions.
i.e., minimum wage laws cause unemployment
what is normative ethics?
the branch of ethics that judges morality and tries to formulate normative recommendations about how to act or live.
i.e., the government should increase minimum wage
What are values?
Lasting convictions or matters that people feel should be strived for in general. It is the abstract concept i.e., dignity, respect, fairness.
what are norms?
Rules that prescribe what actions are required, permitted, or forbidden. It is an action i.e., being against child labour.
What is the definition of virtues?
Type of human characteristics/qualities that are considered good to have.
What does utilitarianism mean?
utilitarianism is an ethical theory holding that the morally right action maximizes happiness or well-being for most people. Consequences are all that matter in determining the rightness of actions.
What is deontology?
Deontology focuses on the rightness or wrongness of actions themselves; the intentions behind an action are morally significant, not just the consequences of the action.
What is virtue ethics?
Virtue ethics evaluates actions based on the moral qualities (virtues) of the person performing the action, not based on rules or consequences.
Why is responsible development of AI challenging?
- Paces of development and understanding the effects are different
- Differences between stakeholders’ interests
- Underdeveloped methodologies to ensure responsible development
what is the collingridge dilemma?
refers to the challenge that the earlier in a technology’s development that one tries to evaluate its social and ecological impacts, the less information there is about the technology’s capabilities and effects. But waiting until later risks locking in certain impacts and limiting policy options.
