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Neuroradiology > Lecture > Flashcards

Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Three categories of intradural tumors

A

Intradural intramedullary, intradural extramedullary, cauda equine tumors

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2
Q

Most common intramedullary tumors

A

Ependymom and astrocytoma (pilocytic, low grade fibrillary)

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3
Q

Intra-medullary processes that can mimic neoplasms (4)

A
  1. vascular malformations
  2. infections
  3. demyelination
  4. radiation changes.
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4
Q

Common pathological subtypes of ependymoma (2)

A
  1. cellular

2. myxopapillary

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5
Q

E;pendymoma appearance on imaging (4)

A
  1. multi-segmental expansion of spinal cord
  2. isointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2
  3. hemosiderin deposition is common.
  4. intense sharply defined enhancement patterns.
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6
Q

Pathological subtypes of astrocytoma (2)

A
  1. fibrillary (grade II through IV)

2. pilocytic (I) (54%)

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7
Q

True or false: astrocytoma cannot involve the entire cord

A

False

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8
Q

Disease associated with hemangioblastoma

A

Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

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9
Q

Common locations of hemangioblastoma (2)

A

Thoracic and cervical

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10
Q

Appearance of hemangioblastoma (4)

A
  1. expansile spinal cord mass
  2. prominent flow voids
  3. cyst and syrinx formation
  4. intensely enhancing pial-based mural nodule or solid mass. (ie usually not in center of cord***)
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11
Q

Common intradural tumors (2)

A
  1. Nerve sheath tumors (schwannoma, NF)

2. meningioma

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12
Q

True or false, most intradural tumors are malignant

A

False

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13
Q

Classic findings of intradural extramedullary tumors

A

widening of the ipsilateral subarachnoid space

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14
Q

Two subtypes of nerve sheath tumors

A
  1. schwannoma (sporadic, NF2)

2. neurofibroma (NF 1)

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15
Q

Origin of nerve sheath tumors

A

Sensory nerve roots

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16
Q

Most common location of nerve sheath tumors

A

Lumbar > thoracic = cervical

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17
Q

Appearance of nerve sheatlh tumors on imaging

A
  1. isointense on T1 and hyperintense T2
  2. Common cystic degeneration and hemorrhage
  3. intense and sharply defined enhancement
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18
Q

Intradural metastases aka….

A

drop metasteses

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19
Q

Two common cauda equina tumors

A
  1. Nerve sheath tumors

2. ependymoma (myxopapillary)

20
Q

Desribe pre-styloid parapharyngeal space

A

Composed primarily of fat. Shaped like an inverted pyramid (widest at top)

21
Q

Contents of pre-styloid paraphryngeal space (3)

A
  1. Fat
  2. CN V3
  3. ectopic salivary gland
22
Q

Lesions of the pre-styloid paraphryngeal space (4)

A
  1. Lipoma (rare)
  2. schwannoma
  3. salivary gland neoplasm
  4. inflammation/abscess
23
Q

Contents of the post-styloid parapharyngeal space (5)

A
  1. carotid artery
  2. jugular vein
  3. CN IX, X, XI, XII
  4. sympathetic plexus
  5. lymph nodes
24
Q

Lesions of the post styloid parapharyngeal space (5)

A
  1. pseudoaneurysm
  2. jugular v. thrombosis
  3. schwannoma
  4. paraganglioma
  5. lymphadenopathy
25
Q

Where is vagus relative to carotid in post styloid parapharyngeal space?

A

Posterior

26
Q

Salt and pepper appearance on MR

A

Paraganglioma. Bright from enhancement, dark from high vascular flow voids.

27
Q

Conents of parotid space (4)

A
  1. Parotid gland
  2. parotid duct
  3. CN VII
  4. lymph nodes
28
Q

Lesions of parotid space (4)

A
  1. salivary gland neoplasms/cyst
  2. duct dilatation, infection/abscess
  3. schwannoma
  4. lymphadenopathy.
29
Q

Contents of the masticator space (3)

A
  1. mandible
  2. muscles of mastication
  3. CN V3
30
Q

Lesions of the masticator space (4)

A
  1. Infection/abscess
  2. Venous vascular malformation
  3. ?
  4. ?
31
Q

How does a retropharyngeal space lesion displace muscles?

A

Longus colli and capitis muscles displaced posteriorly

If forward, lesion usually in prevertebral space

32
Q

Separates prevetertebral and paraspinal spaces

A

Transverse processes.

33
Q

From which artery does the middle meningeal artery arise?

A

Maxillary artery

34
Q

Which foramen does middle meningeal enter through

A

Foramen spinosum

35
Q

Artery supplies the caudate and where do they come from

A

Medial lenticulostriate from A1

36
Q

Artery that supplies the posterior limb of the internal capsule

A

Anterior choroidal artery (off of internal carotid)

37
Q

First artery arising from the ICA after it passes through the dura

A

Ophthalmic artery

38
Q

Artery that supplies the medial temporal lobes

A

Posterior cerebral artery

39
Q

Supplies head of caudate, anterior lentiform nucleus, anterior internal capsule

A

Recurrent artery of Heubner

40
Q

True or false: does fenestration increase the likelihood of aneurysm?

A

True

41
Q

Single ACA is called?

A

Azygous ACA

42
Q

True or false: azygous ACA increases likelihood of aneurysm?

A

True

43
Q

True or false: hypoplastic ACA increases likelihood of aneurysm

A

False

44
Q

DVA

A

Developmental venous anomaly

45
Q

Which other vascular lesions is a/w DVA?

A

Cavernous malformation.

46
Q

Grisel’s syndrome

A

Non traumatic atlantoaxial subluxation due to hematogenous seeding of the CV junction through pharnygovertebral veins after URI, retropharyngeal abscess or other head/neck infection.

47
Q

Deposition of calcium of longus colli with secondary inflammation and retropharyngeal effusion

A

Acute calcific prevertebral tendinitis.

Neuroradiology (3 decks)

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