Lecture

Question 1

Evolution of the Galapagos Finches

Answer 1

Adapt, Reproduce, Move. Repeat

Question 2

Giant Tortoises

Answer 2

Highlands - low food source = dome shaped shells
Arid regions - higher food sources = saddle shaped shells to stretch neck
Intermediate zones = intermediate shaped shells

Question 3

Allopatric

Answer 3

biological populations of the same species become vicariant, or isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with genetic interchange.

Question 4

Peripatric

Answer 4

Small population isolated at the edge of a larger population

Question 5

Parapatric

Answer 5

a subpopulation of a species enters a new niche that becomes geographically isolated

Question 6

Sympatric

Answer 6

block to gene flow within the same population

Question 7

Skin colour varies

Answer 7

by latitude

Question 8

Allen’s rule

Answer 8

Tendency to become relatively shorter and squatter as latitude increases
Reduces surface area which reduces heat loss
So tall/skinny black people, short/squat eskimos

Question 9

4 substances our bodies need but cannot produce

Answer 9

1) Vitamin C
2) N-3 Fatty Acids
3) Iodine
4) B vitamins

Question 10

Savannah Theory

Answer 10

1) Human population in African jungles became overpopulated, some were forced to live on open planes/savannah
2) Had to hunt game for food - easier to see if standing up
3) Shed hair to enable sweat to flow freely
4) Speech/intelligence grew from need to communicate and hunt in packs

Question 11

Aquatic Ape Theory/Waterside Hypothesis - physical features in evidence

Answer 11

non-primate features of humans: 
1) Hair thickening prior to birth
2) body weight/fat ratio
3) buttocks
4) breasts
5) fleshy nose
6) paranasal sinuses
7) apocrine gland reduction to 
armpit/pubic regions
8) eccrine gland increase
9) webbing between fingers/toes

Question 12

Aquatic Ape/Waterside Hypothesis - psychological features

Answer 12

1) innate ability to swim (4 months)
2) grasping reflex (6 months)
3) phobias

Question 13

Non-primate-typical features of Homo Sapiens

Answer 13

Bipedal
Naked
Subcutaneous fat

Question 14

Floods

Answer 14

Million year flood. Ancestors restricted to wetland areas - begin to adapt

Question 15

Droughts

Answer 15

1) flood followed by climatic instability = flood/drought cycle
2) wetlands begin to dry out
3) fish congregate in mud pools - ready source of nutrition