LECTURE 5: soil systems

Question 1

what are the three main types of sediments

Answer 1

colluvium, alluvium and till

Question 2

what is the difference between colluvium and alluvium

Answer 2

colluvium is sand and gravel as a result of water and alluvium is fine to corase as a result of glacier ice

Question 3

what is CEC

Answer 3

the capacity of soils to absorb exchangeable cations, more -ve charges the higher the CEC

Question 4

what is BS

Answer 4

the percentage of CEC occupied by bases ranging from 0-100%

Question 5

abbreviation of climate and soil characteristics

Answer 5

CLORPT(climate, organic material, relief, parent material, time)

Question 6

what are the types of pedogenic regimes

Answer 6

calcification, salinization, gleization, geomechanical, podzolization, laterization

Question 7

what occurs during calcification

Answer 7

water limited , lots of evaporation. accumulation of organic matter and the upward translocation of CaCO3

Question 8

what occurs during salinization

Answer 8

water limited, high evaporation. occurs in arid environments, elluviation is at surface and there is no organics, surface is often stoney or pebbly and rain just washes over the surface

Question 9

what occurs during podolization

Answer 9

plentiful water and good drainage. unimpeded drainage, acidic litter, accumulation of organic layer and illuviation of Fe and Al oxides, leaching of bases

Question 10

what occurs during laterization

Answer 10

plentiful water and good drainage. unimpeded drainage, non acidic litter, accumulation of organic layer and illuviation of Fe and Al oxides, leaching of bases

Question 11

what occurs during gleization

Answer 11

lots of water, lousy drainage

Question 12

geomechanical

Answer 12

disturbed soils