Lecture 5 - Shoulder Flashcards
Axial Skeleton refers to what regions?
Skull, Vertebral Column, Thoracic cage
Appendicular Skeleton refers to what regions?
Pectoral girdle, upper limb, pelvic girdle, lower limb
Each shoulder (pectoral) girdle consists of a _______, and a _______.
Scapula (shoulder blade), Clavicle (collar bone).
The humerus is not part of the shoulder girdle (T/F)
True
What are the three joints that attach to the clavicle
acromio-clavicular joint,
sterno-clavicular joint,
coracoclavicular joint
the coracoclavicular joint is a _________ (type) joint, whereas the acromioclavicular joint is a _________ (type).
syndesmosis, synovial
what are the 6 movements of the scapula
- Elevation
- Depression
- Protraction
- Retraction
- Lateral Rotation
- Medial Rotation
the clavicle moves via these two joints, and moves in ___ planes of motion
Acromioclavicular, Sternoclavicular, 3 planes (anterior-posterior, superior-inferior, rotation)
this muscle group elevates, retracts and depresses the scapula
Trapezius
this muscle group solely retracts the scapula
Rhomboids (major and minor)
this muscle group elevates the scapula
Levator scapulae
this muscle group protracts the scapula
serratus anterior
this muscle group protracts and stabilizes the scapula
pectoralis minor
Trapezius Origin and Insertion? Nerve?
Origin: External occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes
Insertion: spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae
Insertion: Entire length of scapula, acromion, and lateral third of clavicle
Spinal accessory nerve (Cranial nerve XI)
Rhomboid Major origin and insertion? Nerve?
Origin: spines of T2-T5 vertebrae (R. Major)
Insertion: medial border of the scapula below the spine
c5- dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboid minor origin and insertion? Nerve?
Origin: Spines of C7 and T1 vertebrae
Insertion: root of the spine of scapula
c5- dorsal scapular nerve
Levator Scapulae origin and insertion? Nerve?
Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4 Vertebrae
Insertion: Superior angle of Scapula
Dorsal Scapular nerve (C5)
Serratus Anterior origin and insertion?
Origin: Anterior aspects of ribs 1-9
Insertion: Anterior surface (costal surface) of the medial border of scapula
Long Thoracic nerve
Pectoralis Minor origin and insertion?
Origin: Ribs 3-5
Insertion: Coracoid process of the scapula
Medial Pectoral nerve
As well as protracting and stabilizing scapula, the pectoralis minor assists in:
Raising ribs in forced inspiration
What are the articulating bones of the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint:
- Head of Humerus
2. Glenoid fossa of scapula
This is a fibrocartilaginous rim attached to the margin of the glenoid fossa, which deepens the socket.
Glenoid Labrum. Like the toilet seat on a a toilet bowl
What two muscles attach the upper limb to the axial skeleton?
Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi
What muscle attach the upper limb to the shoulder girdle?
Deltoid, rotator cuff muscles, teres major
Pectoralis major origin and insertion? Movement? Nerves?
Origin: Clavicle, Sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 1-6
Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
Adducts, flexes and medially rotates arm. Can also extend arm when arm is flexed
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Latissimus dorsi origin and insertion? Movement? Innervation?
Origin: spinous processes from T8-Sacrum, iliac crest, lower 3-4 ribs, inferior angle of scapula.
Insertion: bicipital groove off humerus.
extends, adducts and medially rotates arm. Keeps inferior angle of scapula against chest wall.
Thoracodorsal Nerve
Deltoid origin and insertion?
Origin: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
abduction, flexion, extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation
Axillary nerve
Name the four rotator cuff muscles:
SITS
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Subscapularis
Supraspinatus function? Nerve?
initiates abduction of the arm (first 15 degrees!). Nerve: Subscapular C5, C6
Infraspinatus function? nerve?
lateral rotation of the arm. Nerve: Suprascapular nerve.
Teres minor Function? nerve?
lateral rotation of arm. Nerve: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
Subscapularis function? nerve?
main medial rotator of the arm. Nerve: upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6)
Teres major origin and insertion? Function? Nerve?
Origin: inerior angle of scapula (posterior surface)
Insertion: medial lip of intertubercal groove.
Adducts and medially rotates arm.
Lower subscapular nerve
