Lecture 5 - Sensor Technology Flashcards

1
Q

Two Sensor types

A

Active Sensors
Passive Sensors

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2
Q

Active Sensor advantages

A

Can obtain measurements anytime of day
Examine wavelengths not sufficiently provided by sun e.g microwaves
Can see through clouds in certain wavelengths

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3
Q

What do active sensors do?

A

Provide their own energy source for illumination

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4
Q

How do LiDAR sensors work?

A

Transmit pulse of energy (red, green or NIR) to the surface using the time between pulse being emitted and pulse being received.

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5
Q

What are LiDAR sensors for?

A

Mapping surface height
Deriving information on vegetation canopies

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6
Q

What do passive sensors do?

A

Measure energy that is naturally available.

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7
Q

Limitations for passive sensors

A

Require sunlight/emission from ground objects
Can only collect data in the day and can’t see through clouds

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8
Q

Advantages of passive sensors

A

Cheaper to maintain and launch

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9
Q

Limitations of active sensors

A

Expensive to maintain and launch

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10
Q

Considerations needed when taking data

A

How much detail do you need?
How big is the area you’re covering?

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11
Q

Advantages of spaceborne remote sensing

A
  1. Cheaper
  2. Long operation <5 years
  3. Repetitive Orbits
  4. Global coverage
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12
Q

Geostationary Satellites

A

High altitude - 36,000km
Moving above equator in synchro with Earth

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13
Q

Use of Geostationary satellites

A

Used by meteorological and communications satellites

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14
Q

Advantages of Geostationary satellites

A

Provides the same view of the Earth every 15-30 minutes
Can monitor weather over entire hemisphere of the Earth.

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15
Q

Polar Orbiting satellite

A

Low altitude - 800km

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16
Q

Revisit time of Polar Orbiting satellite

A

Varies from twice daily to every 16 days to observe the same region

17
Q

Uses of Polar Orbiting Satellites

A

Environmental remote sensing and full global coverage

18
Q

Four resolutions of Remote sensing

A

Spatial Resolution
Spectral resolution
Radiometric resolution
Temporal resolution

19
Q

Spatial Resolution

A

The smallest size of an object that can be picked out from its surroundings or features
Expressed in units of km, meters, cm

20
Q

Spectral resolution

A

Number and dimension of the specific wavelength interval of the EMR that a sensor is capable of measuring

21
Q

How many spectral wavebands may a satellite have?

A

4-30 wavebands

22
Q

Panchromatic Spectral resolution

A

Consist of one wide band that encompasses a large spectral range

23
Q

Multispectral waveband

A

Consists of narrower, several bands of which two or three band in the VR and also a few bands in NIR and MIR bands

24
Q

Hyperspectral resolution

A

Consists of large number of narrower bands across EMR

25
Benefits of Landsat
Data collected through its life has been very similar in terms of wavebands so its consistent.
26
What wavebands does Sentinel 2 cover?
Blue to shortwave IR wavebands
27
Temporal resolution
Shortest period of time that a sensor will revisit / pass over the same spot on the Earth's surface.
28
Why are some regions imaged more frequently?
Overlap in imaging swaths for satellites