Lecture 5 - Respiration Flashcards
Respiration is the complete oxidative breakdown of …
Glucose
The preliminary step to respiration is the Hydrolysis of carbohydrate storage molecules (sucrose or stach) to glusose.
Describe hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is the cleavage of chemical bond due to a reaction with water
What are the 3 major steps to respiration
- glycolysis
- Citric Acid Cycle
- Electron Transport Chain
where can you find some component of the citric acid cycle (2 places)
some components are in the mitochindiral matrix and others are in the inner membrate that make up the cristae
where does the respiration occurs?
within the mitichondria
Nicotimanide adeninde dinucleotide
Which one of:
NADH and NAD+
oxide and which one reduce (e-)
NAD+ oxyde
NADH reduce (e-)
What is the purpose of nicotimanide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
To carries (e-) from one reaction to another (redox)
and
To produce ATP via the electron transport chain
what is Glycolysis
The metabolic pathway that converts glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
into pyruvate (CH₃COCOO−) and protons (H⁺)
Name the 2 stages of glycolysis
preparatory phase
payoff phase
what does the preparatory phase (glycolysis) requires and what does it ends with
Requires an E investment of
2 ATP / glucose
Ends with a splitting of 6-C
sugar (glucose) into two 3-C
molecules (glyceraldehyde 3-
phosphate)
in what phase does the Terminal Pi of an ATP
molecule is transferred to
the glucose molecule
(6 C- ring)
and
Glucose 6-phosphate
rearranged to fructose-6-Pi (5-sided ring)
In the 1st preparatory reaction in glycolysis.
describe what happen during the 2nd preparatory reaction of glycolysis (2 things)
Fructose-6-Pi gains a
2nd Pi to form fructose-1,6 biophosphate
2nd ATP converted to ADP
Additional : total E yield = -2ATP
Fructose-6-Pi is split
producing two 3-C molecules
(glyceraldehyde-3-Pi)
sumarize what happen in the payoff phase (step 6 to 10)
Produces an E yield of
4 ATP and 2 NADH
Net ATP = 2 / glucose
Describe the 1st E yielding step of the payoff phase (step 6 and 7) of glycolysis
2 NAD+ (e- receptors) are
reduced to 2 NADH
(stored high-energy e-)
2 ADP take a Pi each to
from biphosphoglycerate
to form 2 ATP
in the 2nd E yielding step of the payoff phase (step 8-9-10),
2 PEP provide Pi groups to ADP resulting in what (2 things)
2 ATP and 2 Pyruvate
in the glycolysis, what phase describe Energy investment?
Preparatory phase
In the glycolysis, what phase describe the Energy yield
Payoff phase
name the 3 energy summation that happen in the glycolysis respiration
Prep phase has an E
investment of 2 ATP
Payoff phase provides
4 ATP and 2 NADH
Glycolysis E Net = 2 ATP & 2 NADH
where does the glycolysis create the pyruvate
in the cytosol
once the pyruvate entered the mitochondrial matrix it is thus transformed into what?
aceryl CoA
The 2 pyruvate molecules (glycolysis) enter the mitochondrial matrix. once they do, both are…
oxidized or reduced
oxidized (e- are removed)
how many enzymes cathalyze the citric acid cycle reaction
8
each of these enzyme represent a step in the reaction
how do we name a Acetyl CoA when it is combined with a 4-C compound
oxaloacetate
step 2 of citric acid cycle
the addition of _____ reconfigures the citrate molecule
aconitase
