Lecture 5- Proteins Chemistry Flashcards
What are the layers of spun blood
- Plasma
- Buffy coat
- Formed elements
What globins are in blood?
albumins (most abundant) ⍺1-globulins ⍺2 -globulins β-globulins ɣ-globulins
What is protein synthesis and the cells involved
Synthesis - Hepatocytes and B cells
Hepatocytes synthesis many of the proteins, those of the complement system are synthesis both in these cells and by macrophages.
Immunoglobulins are mainly derived from the B cells of the immune system.
What is protein catabolism and the cells involved
Catabolism- Pinocytosis
Plasma proteins are taken up by pinocytosis into the capillary endothelial cells or mononuclear phagocytes where they are catabolized.
What are the key roles of proteins (4)
Maintenance of colloid osmotic pressures- mainly a function of albumin
Transport functions, carried out by various carrier proteins
Defence reactions- functions that depend on:
Immunoglobulins, synthesized in the lymphoreticular system.
the complement system.
Complement and fibrinolysis.
What method is used to detect total protein
Biruet Method
colorimetric
What is total protein?
Albumin and globin in the whole body
What are the body defences?
Inflammatory response
Immune response
In general, what are acute phase reactants?
Are inflammation markers that increase or decrease in the patient’s serum during times ofacutetissue injury or inflammation.
What is an example of an acute phase reactant and how does it change during infection
C reactive protein
CRP concentration is elevated during infection or inflammation as part of the innate immune response and alteration of CRP plasma concentration is dependent on the rate of CRP synthesis and the severity of infection
What is an acute phase protein
A protein whose plasma concentrations increase during certain inflammatory disorders.
Are proteins that change their serum concentration by >25% in response to inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNFα).
Role of acute phase response (3)
directly neutralize inflammatory agents
help to minimize the extent of local tissue damage, as well as participate in tissue repair and regeneration.
There is a rapid increase in the plasma concentration of many complement cascade components the activation of which ultimately results in the local accumulation of neutrophils, macrophages and plasma proteins
What is the first mechanism of the acute phase reaction?
The cells that most commonly initiate the APR are tissue macrophages and blood monocytes.
These cells release cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF
Interleukins(ILs) are a group of cytokines which control the migration of leukocytes into tissue and control the inflammatory response.
What is the second mechanism of the acute phase reaction?
Various kinds of white blood cells are attracted to the area of inflammation. The types of white blood cells that arrive at an inflamed site depend on the nature of the injury or infecting pathogen.
For example, aneutrophilis an early arriving white blood cell that engulfs and digests pathogens.
Macrophages follow neutrophils and take over the phagocytosis function and are involved in the resolution of an inflamed site, cleaning up cell debris and pathogens.
Acute phase reaction diagram
Infection/inflam
1. Fever 2. Cortisol Macrophages | Monocytes | (phagocytosis) | | Liver | | Release acute cytokines Phase (IL-6, TNF Protocol | (inflammation) | Neutrophils (bacteria) Lymphocytes (viral)
