Lecture 5: Political culture Flashcards
What is political culture?
Political culture refers to cultural values that shape political attitudes and behavior. It influences how people engage in politics.
(Almond & Verba, 1963)
What is the difference between cultural values and public opinion?
Cultural values are long-term and stable, while public opinion can change quickly in response to events.
(Inglehart, 1973)
What is congruence theory in democratization?
Democracies only stabilize if institutions match cultural values. A democracy without democratic-minded citizens is fragile.
(Almond & Verba, 1963; Linz & Stepan, 1996)
What does modernization theory say about democracy?
Economic growth fosters democracy by increasing wealth, education, and urbanization, leading to assertive citizens.
(Lipset, 1959; Huntington, 1991; Inglehart, 1997)
What is the “Silent Revolution” theory?
As economic security rises, societies shift from materialist to post-materialist values, prioritizing self-expression and democracy.
(Inglehart, 1973, 2008)
What is the resource curse and how does it affect democratization?
Resource-rich states often avoid democratization because elites gain wealth without needing citizen taxation, reducing accountability.
(Ross, 2001)
What is authoritarian capitalism?
Some authoritarian regimes use capitalist economic systems to maintain stability, proving economic growth does not always lead to democracy.
(Kurlantzick, 2013)
How does religion influence political culture?
Some religious traditions may support or resist democratic values, leading to debates on Christianity vs. Islam and democracy.
(Huntington, 1996)
What are emancipatory values, and how do they relate to democracy?
Values like personal autonomy, gender equality, and freedom support democratization and develop with modernization.
(Inglehart & Welzel, 2005)
What is the supply & demand model of democratization?
Democratization happens when mass demand for freedoms (citizens) aligns with elite supply of freedoms (institutions).
(Inglehart & Welzel, 2005)
What is cultural backlash?
Traditionalist groups resist modern social changes, fueling right-wing populism and authoritarian support.
(Norris & Inglehart, 2019)
What is the relationship between democracy and authoritarianism support?
Citizens can support democracy while also favoring authoritarian policies, especially in times of crisis or partisanship.
(Svolik & Graham, 2020)
What trends show increasing support for autocracy?
Surveys show growing support for strong leaders in democracies, suggesting democratic ambivalence.
(World Values Survey, 2005-2020)
How has democracy itself become a political issue?
Some parties now campaign on strengthening or weakening democracy, making it a central issue in elections.
(Mounk, 2018)
What does modernization say about generational replacement?
Younger generations raised in economic security tend to have more democratic and individualistic values over time.
(Inglehart, 1973, 2008)
What is reverse socialization?
Some studies show younger generations becoming more traditional or authoritarian-leaning, reversing previous trends.
(Foa et al., 2022)
What is democratic deconsolidation?
Signs of democratic decline include decreasing trust in institutions, rising populism, and support for authoritarianism.
(Levitsky & Ziblatt, 2018)
