lecture 5 LOs Flashcards
drug affecting neural transmission as a precursor
increase the rate of synthesis and activity
L-DOPA: precursor to DA
tryptophan: 5-HT (serotonin) precursor
drug affecting neural transmission as inhibiting synthesis
reduce transmitter levels
alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT): inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase invovled in making DA and NE
drug affecting neural transmission as blocking storage
blocks storage of NT in synaptic vesicles
reserpine: disrupts storage of DA, NE, serotonin, in vesicles by blocking vesicular transporters
drug affecting neural transmission by stimulating release
of NT by reverse uptake transporters
D-Amphetamin (aderall): stimulates release of DA and NE
pseudoephedrine (decongestant): works like amphetamine, preferential for NE and less blood brain barrier permeability
drug affecting neural transmission by blovking NT release
botulinum toxin: interferes with synaptic vesicle release of Ach
drug affecting neural transmission by stimulating or blocking postsynaptic receptor
stimulate = agonist ex. heroin
block = antagonist ex. caffiene
drug affecting neural transmission by stimulating or blocking autoreceptor
stimulating = agonist ex clonidine (NE)
blocking = agonist ex. yohimbine (NE)
drug affecting neural transmission by blocking enzyme involved in NT breakdown
physostigmine: blocks acetyl-cholinesterase, that breaks down Ach
phenelzine: blocks monoamine oxidase that breaks down NE, DA, serotonin
drug affecting neural transmission by blocking uptake transporters
cocaine: blocks transporters for DA, serotonin, NE
classic tricyclic antidepressants block the NE transporter
allosteric sites def
binding sites that differ from the ones endogenous ligands bind to
allosteric modulators def
molecules that bind to such sites and alter receptor functioning
allosteric modulators have whagt affect on receptor signalling
positive or negative
allosteric modulators only modify the effects of _____
an agonist, they have no effects of their own (although their effects can resemble those and agonist or antagonist
what are behavioural measures curcial for
understanding the neurochemical basis of behaviour, and drug induced changes in the beh
developing animal models of psychiatric disorders
screening newly designed drugs in preclinical and clinical pharmaceutical settings
advantages of studies that use animals
rigorous contol of living conditions, food, histories, genetic background, is possible
mant research methods are unethical w humans
what do tests w animals or humans measure
specific physiological, emotional, congnitive, or psychological process
methods of permanent lesion
radiofrequency, asipration, excitotoxic (using glutamate agonists that over excite and selectively kill intrinsic neurons in the brain region)
how are reversible lesions done
intracrainial infusion of drug via cannula that suppresses neural activity (local anesthetic or GABA agonist)
what does neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopaime affect
DA, NE
what does neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine affect
serotonin
what does neurotoxin 192lgG-saporin affect
Ach
what do implanted macroelectrodes do
electrical stimulation produces action potentials and NT release
microdialysis def/use
measures NT release in a specific region while the subject is engaged in behaviour
artificial CSF is pumped in through probe implanted in the brain region
takes 1-20 mins
high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) used w microdialysis
separates sample into components depending on molecular size or ionic charge
concentration of molecule of interest can then be determined
