Lecture 5: Inflammation 2 Flashcards
List at least 5 macroscopic appearances/types of acute inflammation (there are 8)
Serous Protein-rich exudate
Catarrhal Mucus hypersecretion
Fibrinous Thick fibrin coating/deposits
Haemorrhagic Bleeding/bruising
vascular injury or decreased coagulation factors
Suppurative (purulent) Creamy exudate – pus
predominance of neutrophil polymorphs
Membranous coated epithelium
fibrin desquamated epithelial & inflammatory cells
Pseudomembranous Superficial mucosal ulceration
Slough of mucosa, fibrin, inflammatory cells
Necrotising Gangrenous
Necrosis and bacterial putrefaction
Define suppurative
Creamy exudate – pus
predominance of neutrophil polymorphs
Define pseudomembranous
Superficial mucosal ulceration
Slough of mucosa, fibrin, inflammatory cells
Beneficial effects of acute infl.
- localised injury
- microorganisms destroyed
- fibrin formation
- facilitate entry, transport delivery of antibodies, drugs nutrients, oxygen
- immune response stimulated
- preparation of healing and repair
Harmful effects of acute inflammation:
Normal tissues are digested (abscess formation)
Pain, disability, swelling (Latin terms)
Hollow organ rupture
Inappropriate inflammatory response can be triggered
Define sequelae
a pathological condition that is a consequence of previous injury/damage or in this case inflammation.
Name the three sequelae of acute inflammation
A. Resolution
B. Suppuration
C. Organisation and repair
What are the four favourable circumstances that lead to complete restoration of tissues to normal (resolution) after an episode of acute inflammation?
Low cell death and tissue damage
Inflammatory process must have occurred in organs/tissues with the capacity to regenerate (liver) No capacity to regenerate = no restoration (CNS)
Rapid destruction of aetiological agent
Rapid removal of fluid and debris therefore vascular drainage system must be good
Will resolution occur in an organ that can regenerate?
Yes and not in those cells that do not have the capacity to regenerate
What is the aetiological agent causing acute lobar pneumonia?
aetiological agent Streptococcus Pneumoniae
The resolution of/to resolve acute lobar pneumonia what are the 4 key steps?
Sequence of events in acute lobar pneumonia resolution:
1) Phagocytosis of aetiological agent Streptococcus Pneumoniae by NP (by intracellular killing)
2) Fibrinolysis
3) Phagocytosis of debris by macrophages to be carried through lymphatics to hilar lymph nodes
4) Vascular dilatation decreased back to normal
Histologically normal lung parenchyma
What enzyme causes pus formation because of acute inflammation?
Lysosomal enzymes that leak into the surrounding tissue from dead NPs
