lecture 5 diabetes Flashcards
SIADH Urine Specific Gravity
HIGH 1.03
LOW AMOUNT OF URINE
DI Urine Specific Gravity
LOW 1.001
HIGH AMOUNT OF URINE
Type One
Insulin Dependent
Polyuria - increased urine
Polydipsia - increased drinking
Polyphagia - increased swallowing
Type Two
Insulin Resistant
Polydipsia - increased drinking
Polyuria - increased urine
Polyphagia - increased swallowing
Diet for type 2 diabetes
CALORIE RESTRICTION**
6 small feedings a day
Four Insulin
Regular - short, rapid onset 1 hr, peak 2, duration 4 IV DRIP R R CLEAR
NPH - intermediate onset 6, peak 8-10, duration 12 hours CLOUDY
1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12!!!!
Lispro - Fast acting onset 15 min, 30 min, duration 3 hours
Lantus - long acting duration 12-24 hours
Insulin Tx
open it - 30 days until it expired
teach pt to refrigerate
refrigerate optional at hospital UNTIL INSULIN IS OPENED
sick days
a sick diabetic has hyperglycemia and dehydration
STILL TAKE INSULIN
Complications of Diabetes
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyperglycemia DKA
- Hyperglycemia HHNS
Hypoglycemia
Cool and clammy
slurring, staggering, impaired judgement, delayed reaction time, labile, low BP, tachycardia, tachypnea, cold, mottled
Hypoglycemia Tx
administer metabolized carbohydrate -sugar
ADD starch/protein cracker
IF CONCONCIOUS INSULIN
DKA
Causes: too much food, not enouch insulin, not enough excersize, viral infections
s/s dehydration, ketones, kussmals. high K
metabolic acidosis, acetone breath, anorexiz, hot and dry
NEED INSULIN
HHNS
Dehydrated
low water high temp flushed dry
GIVE FLUIDS
Long term complications of DM
poor tissue perfusion
peripheral neuropathy
lab for long term blood glucose
Ha1C
6 and lower good
8 and higher bad
