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organic chem > lecture 5: chirality > Flashcards

lecture 5: chirality Flashcards

1
Q

BLANK objects are nonsuperimposable mirror images

A

chiral objects

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2
Q

blank objetcs are mirror images which are superimposable

A

achiral objects

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3
Q

what are chiral objecst

A

non superimposable mirror images

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4
Q

what are achiral objects

A

mirror images which are superimposable

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5
Q

give example of chiral objects

A

hands, ears, feet

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6
Q

give examples of achiral objects

A

cup, chair, pencil

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7
Q

what are constitutional isomers

A

same mol formula diff connectivity

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8
Q

what are stereoisomers

A

same connectivity same molcular formula but different arrangements of atoms in 3d space

same connectivtiy but different 3d isomers

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9
Q

what are the 2 catergoes of steroisomers

A

enantiomers

diasteriomers

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10
Q

what are enantiomers

A

stereoisomers that are NON superimposable mirror images

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11
Q

what are diasteriomets

A

stereosiomers that are non-superimposabl, none mirror images

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12
Q

which are stereoisomers that are NON superimposable mirror images

A

enamtiomers

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13
Q

which are stereosiomers that are non-superimposabl, none mirror images

A

diastomeriomers

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14
Q

a chiral compound and its mirror image is a diastereomer or enenatiomer

A

enantiomer

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15
Q

true or false: enantimoers can only occur for chiral molucles

A

true

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16
Q

what are isomers

A

same mol formula but diff compound

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17
Q

what is an assymetric center

A

c bound to 4 diff substituents

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18
Q

isomers with assymetric centers are what shape

A

tetrahedral

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19
Q

cis trans isomers refer to spatial orietnance about what

A

about a double bond or a ring

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20
Q

true or false: enantiomer is a non superimposable mirror image

A

true

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21
Q

true or false: enantiomers are trigonal planar with 3 diff groups

A

false, they are tetrahydral with 4 diff groupes resulting in 2 possible configurations

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22
Q

cis trans isomers are non superimposable non mirror images, therefore that makes them what type of isomer

A

diastermioer

23
Q

what is a chiral center

A

a tetrahedral carbon bonded to 4 different groups (sp3 hybridized)

24
Q

changing conf requires what

A

breaking bonds

25
Q

changing comformation requires what

A

rotating bonds

26
Q

true or false: molcuels with only 1 chiral center are chiral

A

true

27
Q

compounds with one chiral center exist as two different steroisomrs called…

A

enantiomers

28
Q

true or false: a chiral center is not always possible for a single tetrahedral atoom (sp3 hybrid) with 4 diff cgroups attached

A

false

29
Q

what is a stereogenic center

A

any atom at which the interchange of two groups produced a stereoisomer

30
Q

true or false; all sterocenters are chiral centers

A

false (ex: sp2 carbons)

31
Q

what is the biological imporatnt of chirality

A

body can distinguish between enantiomers (specific bonding sites) and is only favouranble in 1 way

32
Q

true or false: a compound can still be chiral with an internal plane of symmetry

A

false, it will not be chiral it is possese an internal plane of symmetry

33
Q

what are the 4 steps for naming enantiomers (chiral center)

A

1) each group is assignmend priority according to atmic number
2) if two identical, next bond is looked at (double bond coutns as two)
3) orient molcule so that low priority is in the back
4) trance clock (r) or CCW (S)

34
Q

true or false: chiral molecules have no optical activtiy

A

false, they do

35
Q

what molecules are optically inactive

A

achiral

36
Q

what are the conditions for something to be optically activtiy

A

1) must be chrial

2) one enatiomer must be present in excess (or just cancel each otehr out)

37
Q

what do enantiomers do to polar plane light

A

cause equal rotation of the plane of polarixation but in opposive directions

38
Q

if something is + that means it does what to light

A

rotates it CW

39
Q

if something is - that does what to light

A

rotates it CCW

40
Q

what happens if you have exactly the same amount of enatiomers are use plane polarized loght

A

since there are equal concentrations, you will get a racemic mixture and it will be optically inacvity (cancel each other out)

41
Q

does something need to be optically pure solution to have optical acivtiy

A

no as long as one of the enantiomers is in excess

42
Q

what is an optically pure solition

A

a solution containing one 1 enantioner

43
Q

true or false: reaction of 2 achiral molcules leadss to an achiral molecule

A

false, can sometimes lead to chiral products

44
Q

what is the formula for finding all thepossible configurations for molecules with 2 chiral centers

A

2 ^ n where n is number of chiral centers

45
Q

what is the trick for finding different chiral compunds with 2 chriality

A

RR
SS
RS
SR

(flip both simul, flip one side, flip other)
=always keep ones on the chain the same

46
Q

true or false: enantiomers are mirror images of each other

A

true

47
Q

true or false: enatimiors have opposite and unequal rotation of polarized light

A

false, equal

48
Q

do aenatiomers have same or diff physical properties

A

same

49
Q

are diasteriomers mirror images of each other

A

no

50
Q

what is the relationship between diasteriomers are polarized light?

A

no direct correleation

51
Q

do diasteriomers have same or diff physical properties

A

very diff

52
Q

true or false: a strucuter with 2 chriality centers always has 4 isomers

A

false, sometimes only has three because of meso compounds

53
Q

are all molecules with chriral centers considered chiral compounds

A

no they can be achoral

organic chem (4 decks)

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