Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm 2 - Exam 3 > Lecture 5 - Chemo Drugs > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Chemo Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Nitrogen mustards

A

cyclophophamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

nitrogen mustards

indication:
lymphomas, leukemias, breast and ovarian cancers, small cell lung cancer

SE:
dose limiting toxicity myelpsuppression
hemorrhagic cystitis - prevent with MESNA

MOA:
CCNS, bi-functional DNA alkylating agent; alkylates guanine residues; produces interstrand crosslinks

Resistance:
increased DNA repair capacity
decreased transport of alkylating agent into cancer cell
increased glutathione S-transferase activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the clinical application of cyclophosphamide?

A

lymphomas, leukemias, breast and ovarian cancers, small cell lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the SE of cyclophosphamide?

A

dose limiting toxicity myelpsuppression

hemorrhagic cystitis - prevent with MESNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the MOA of cyclophosphamide?

A

CCNS, bi-functional DNA alkylating agent; alkylates guanine residues; produces interstrand crosslinks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What resistance is present in cyclophophamide?

A

increased DNA repair capacity
decreased transport of alkylating agent into cancer cell
increased glutathione S-transferase activity

(this is the same resistance present with platinum analogs like cisplatin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

platinum analogs

A

cisplantin

oxaliplatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cisplantin

A

platinum analog

indication:
testicular, ovarian, bladder, non-small cell lung, colon, and small cell lung cancers

SE: dose-limiting toxicity is nephrotoxicity
prevent nephrotoxicity with hydration and mannitol diuresis

MOA:
CCNS, bi-functional DNA alkylating agents; alkylates guanine residues; produces interstrand crosslinks

Resistance:
increased DNA repair capacity
decreased transport of alkylating agent into cancer cell
increased glutathione S-transferase activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the clinical indication for cisplatin?

A

testicular, ovarian, bladder, non-small cell lung, colon, and small cell lung cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the MOA for cisplatin?

A

CCNS, bi-functional DNA alkylating agents; alkylates guanine residues; produces interstrand crosslinks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the SE of cisplatin?

A

dose-limiting toxicity is nephrotoxicity

prevent nephrotoxicity with hydration and mannitol diuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Methotrexate

A

antimetabolite cancer drug

indication:
breast, head, neck, bladder, and lung carcinomas; lymphomas, ALL

SE:
dose limiting toxicity myelosuppression

MOA:
CCS, folic acid analog; inhibits DHFR, which prevents formation of THF, a cofactor for thymidylate, purine and amino acid synthesis

Resistance: 
decreased transport via down-regulation of reduced folate carrier protein 
decreased FPGS 
amplification of DHFR
mutation of DHFR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is indication of Methrotrexate?

A

breast, head, neck, bladder, and lung carcinomas; lymphomas, ALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the MOA of methrotrexate?

A

CCS, folic acid analog; inhibits DHFR, which prevents formation of THF, a cofactor for thymidylate, purine and amino acid synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the SE of methrotrexate?

A

dose limiting toxicity myelosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What resistance is present with methotrexate?

A

decreased transport via down-regulation of reduced folate carrier protein
decreased FPGS
amplification of DHFR
mutation of DHFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

5-fluorouracil

A

antimetabolite

indication:
colon, breast, gastroesophageal, hepatocellular, pancreatic carcinomas

SE:
dose limiting toxicity myelosuppression

MOA:
CCS; pyrimidine analog converted to 5FdUMP, which inhibits TS activity

resistance:
amplification of TS gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the indication for 5-florouracil?

A

colon, breast, gastroesophageal, hepatocellular, pancreatic carcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the SE of 5-fluorouracil?

A

dose limiting toxicity myelosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the MOA of 5-fluorouracil?

A

CCS; pyrimidine analog converted to 5FdUMP, which inhibits TS activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What resistance is present for 5-fluorouracil?

A

amplification of TS gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

6-mercaptopurine

A

antimetabolite

indication:
ALL and AML

SE:
dose limiting toxicity myelosuppresion

drug interaction between 6-MP and allopurinol leading to life-threatening myelosuppresion

MOA:
CCS; purine analog converted to Thio-dGTP
Thio-dGTP incorporated into DNA of replicating cancer cells, leading to apoptosis

Resistance:
down-regulation of HGPRT activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the indications for 6-mercaptopurine?

A

ALL and AML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the SE of 6-mercaptopurine?

A

SE:
dose limiting toxicity myelosuppresion

drug interaction between 6-MP and allopurinol leading to life-threatening myelosuppresion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the MOA of 6-mercaptopurine?
MOA: CCS; purine analog converted to Thio-dGTP Thio-dGTP incorporated into DNA of replicating cancer cells, leading to apoptosis 6MP converted to TIMP by HGPRT TIMP converted to Thio-dGETP via TPMT
26
What resistance is present with 6-mercaptopurine?
Resistance: | down-regulation of HGPRT activity
27
Vinca Alkaloids
vinblastine | vincristine
28
Vinblastine
and vincristine (vinca alkaloids) indication: vinBlastine - Breast cancer, hodgkins and non-hodgkins lymphoma vinCristine - Childhood leukemias and cancers SE: vinBlastine - dose limiting toxicity Bone marrow suppression vincrsitine - dose limiting toxicitity peripheral neuropathies; *bone marrow sparing MOA: CCS; binds to Beta-tubulin and prevents polymerization of microtubules resistance: increased MDR1 activity
29
What are the indications for vinca alkaloids?
vinBlastine - Breast cancer, hodgkins and non-hodgkins lymphoma vinCristine - Childhood leukemias and cancers
30
What are the SE of vinca alkaloids?
SE: vinBlastine - dose limiting toxicity Bone marrow suppression vincrsitine - dose limiting toxicitity peripheral neuropathies; *bone marrow sparing
31
What is the MOA of vinca alkaloids?
MOA: | CCS; binds to Beta-tubulin and prevents polymerization of microtubules
32
What resistance is present with vinca alkaloids?
resistance: | increased MDR1 activity
33
Taxanes
paclitaxel and docetaxel indication: ovarian, breast, bladder, and non-small cell lung cancers SE: dose limiting toxicities include both myelosuppresion and peripheral neuropathies MOA: CCS; binds with high affinity to beta-tubulin and stabilizes microtubules (stops depolymerization) resistance: increased MDR1 activity
34
What are the indications for taxanes?
paclitaxel and docetaxel indication: ovarian, breast, bladder, and non-small cell lung cancers
35
What are the SE of taxanes?
paclitaxel and docetaxel SE: dose limiting toxicities include both myelosuppresion and peripheral neuropathies
36
What is the MOA of taxanes?
paclitaxel and docetaxel MOA: CCS; binds with high affinity to beta-tubulin and stabilizes microtubules (stops depolymerization)
37
What resistance is present with taxanes?
paclitaxel and docetaxel resistance: increased MDR1 activity
38
Epipodophyllotoxins
etoposide indication: testicular cancer, non-small cell and small cell lung carcinoma, AML, ALL, hodgkins and non hodgkins lymphoma SE: dose limiting toxicity myelosuppression MOA: CCS; inhibits topoisomerase 2 resistance: increased MDR1 activity
39
Camptothecins
irinotecan indication: topotecan for ovarian and small cell lung cancers metastatic colon cancer SE: dose limiting toxicity diarrhea and/pr myelosuppression MOA: CCS (at higher concentrations -CCNS); inhibits topoisomerase 1 resistance: increased MDR1
40
What are the indications or Camptothecins?
irinotecan indication: topotecan for ovarian and small cell lung cancers metastatic colon cancer
41
What are the SE of Camptothecins?
irinotecan SE: dose limiting toxicity diarrhea and/pr myelosuppression
42
What is the MOA of Camptothecins?
irinotecan MOA: CCS (at higher concentrations -CCNS); inhibits topoisomerase 1
43
What resistance is present with Camptothecins?
irinotecan resistance: increased MDR1
44
Anthracycline antibiotics
doxorubicin
45
Doxorubicin
anthracycline antibiotics indications: hodgkin's and non hodgkins, breast, ovarian, and bladder cancers, ALL SE: (CCNS) dose limiting irreversible chronic cardiomyopathy MOA: DNA intercalation that interferes with DNA and RNA synthesis inhibit topoisomerase 2 free radical formation leading to DNA scission Resistance: increased MDR1 increased glutathione peroxidase activity resistance rendering mutations of topoisomerase 2
46
What is the indication for Doxorubicin?
indications: | hodgkin's and non hodgkins, breast, ovarian, and bladder cancers, ALL
47
What are the SE of Doxorubicin?
SE: | dose limiting irreversible chronic cardiomyopathy
48
What is the MOA of Doxorubicin?
MOA: (CCNS) DNA intercalation that interferes with DNA and RNA synthesis inhibit topoisomerase 2 free radical formation leading to DNA scission
49
What resistance is present with Doxorubicin?
Resistance: increased MDR1 increased glutathione peroxidase activity resistance rendering mutations of topoisomerase 2
50
Bleomycin
indication: testicular carcinoma, SCC, hodgkins and non hodgkins lymphomas SE: dose limiting pulmonary fibrosis that may be fatal MOA: CCS; intercalation, scission and fragmentation of DNA due to oxidation by DNA-belomycine-Fe(2) complex Resistance: increased levels of bleomycin hydrolase increased DNA repair activity
51
What are the indications for Bleomycin?
indication: | testicular carcinoma, SCC, hodgkins and non hodgkins lymphomas
52
What are the SE of Bleomycin?
SE: | dose limiting pulmonary fibrosis that may be fatal
53
What is the MOA of Bleomycin?
MOA: | CCS; intercalation, scission and fragmentation of DNA due to oxidation by DNA-belomycine-Fe(2) complex
54
What resistance is present with Bleomycin?
Resistance: increased levels of bleomycin hydrolase increased DNA repair activity
55
Etoposide
epipodophyllotoxin indication: testicular cancer, non-small cell and small cell lung carcinoma, AML, ALL, hodgkins and non hodgkins lymphoma SE: dose limiting toxicity myelosuppression MOA: CCS; inhibits topoisomerase 2 resistance: increased MDR1 activity
56
What is the indication for etoposide?
testicular cancer, non-small cell and small cell lung carcinoma, AML, ALL, hodgkins and non hodgkins lymphoma
57
What is the SE of etoposide?
dose limiting toxicity myelosuppression
58
What is the MOA of etoposide?
CCS | inhibits topoisomerase 2
59
What resistance is present with etoposide?
increase MDR1 activity
60
Which chemo drugs interfere with nucleotide synthesis or degradation?
6MP | Methotrexate
61
Which chemo drugs interfere with DNA synthesis?
5-FU | Doxorubicin
62
Which chemo drugs damage DNA?
``` Bleomycin Doxorubicin Cisplatin Cyclophosphamide Etoposide ```
63
Which chemo drugs interefer with mitosis?
vincristine | vinblastine
64
Chemo drugs used for lymphomas?
``` methotrexate Cyclophosphamide Doxourbicin Bleomycin etoposide vinblastine ```
65
Chemo drugs used for leukemias?
``` methotrexate (ALL) 6MP (ALL, AML) Cyclophosphamide Doxorubicin (ALL) Etoposide (AML, ALL) Vincristine (ALL) ```
66
Chemo drugs used for lung cancer?
``` Methotrexate (both) Paclitaxel (non-small) Cyclophosphamide (small) Cisplatin (both) etoposide (both) irinotecan (both) ```
67
Chemo drugs used for breast cancer?
``` Methorexate (also head and neck) Paclitaxel 5FU cyclophosphamide Doxorubicin vinBlastine ```
68
Chemo drugs used for ovarian cancer?
``` paclitaxel cyclophosphamide cisplatin doxorubicin irinotecan ```
69
Chemo drugs used for colon cancer?
5FU Cisplatin irinotecan (metastatic)
70
Chemo drugs used for testicular cancer?
cisplatin Bleomycin etoposide
71
Chemo drugs used for bladder cancer?
methotrexate paclitaxel Cisplatin doxorubicin
72
Chemo drugs used for hepatocellular and pancreatic carcinomas?
5FU (also colon, breast, gastroesophageal)
73
Chemo drug used for SCC?
Bleomycin

Pharm 2 - Exam 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions