Lecture 5 - Brain Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Neuraxis

A

Line along length CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anterior

A

Front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Posterior

A

Behind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Superior

A

Above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Inferior

A

Below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rostral

A

Towards beak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Caudal

A

Towards tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ventral

A

Towards belly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Medial

A

Towards midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Interneuron vs projection neuron (CNS)

A

Interneuron: axon stays local
Projection neuron: axon goes out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Axons of motor neurons vs of sensory neurons (PNS)

A

Motor neurons: axons = efferent fibers (away from CNS)
Soma-> spinal cord

Sensory neurons: axons = afferent fibers (towards CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contralateral

A

Structures on opposite side of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Structures on same side of body (taste & smell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Superficial

A

Close to surface, exterior

17
Q

Deep

A

Far away from surface, interior

18
Q

Proximal

A

Nearby

19
Q

Distal

A

Far away

20
Q

Brain nuclei

A

Collection of neurons in brain clustered together serve same function

21
Q

3 meninges (protective connective tissues around brain)

A

1) pia mater (inner layer) - blood vessels
2) arachnoid membrane (middle layer)
- soft & spongy, web-like appearance
3) dura mater (outer layer) - thick, tough, unstretchable tissue

Subarachnoid space (b/w pia mater & arachnoid membrane - CSF

22
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Made by Choroid plexus in each brain ventricles
-flows through subarachnoid space around brain & spinal cord until blood

23
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Distribute motor fibers to effector organs (glands & muscles)
Collect somatosensory info to pass on to brain
Reflexive control circuits

24
Q

Somatic PNS

A

Interacts with external environ.

25
Q

Autonomic PNS

A

Internal environ.

26
Q

Hindbrain (4th ventricle)

A

1) Medulla oblongata:
Autonomic functions (heart rate, blood flow, breathing, vomiting, sneezing)
-> Area postrema: blood-brain barrier -poisons detected, initiate vomiting
-> reticular formation: sleep & arousal

2) Pons:
-> relays info b/w cerebrum & cerebellum
-> hearing, balance, taste, sensations & movements of face

3) Cerebellum: motor control
-> coordination, precision, accurate timing of movement
-> motor learning during body growth & change

27
Q

Midbrain (cerebral aqueduct)

A

1) Tectum: 2 pairs of bumps on dorsal surface
-> 2 top bumps: superior colliculi (orienting to peripheral vision)
-> 2 bottom bumps: inferior colliculi (orienting unexpected sounds)

2) Tegmentum: species-typical movements
-> process pain & behavioural responses to threats

28
Q

Forebrain (3rd ventricle)

A

1) Thalamus: relay ascending sensory info to diff regions of cerebral cortex

2) Hypothalamus: behaviours for survival (4F)
-> body temp, hunger, sleep-wake
-> link with endocrine system (hormones into blood)

29
Q

Forebrain (lateral ventricle)

A

1) Cerebral cortex: attention, perception, awareness, thought, memory, language
-> Frontal lobe: controls movement
-> parietal lobe: processes touch
-> occipital lobe: processes visual
-> temporal lobe: processes auditory

-> insular cortex: taste
-> piriform cortex: Smell

Sensory Association Cortex: perception & memory

2) Basal ganglia: intentional movements, motivation, reinforcement learning, habits

3) Limbic system: emotions & episodic memories
-> cingulate cortex: interconnect limbic system, overlies corpus callosum
-> hippocampus: episodic memory
-> amygdala: emotions (fear)