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Biochem 385 Unit 1 > Lecture 5: Bioenergy > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Bioenergy Flashcards

1
Q

Energy Charge (EC)

A

measure of [ATP], [ADP], [AMP] in cell

reflects amount ATP for metabolic reactions

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2
Q

first law of thermodynamics

A

nrg not created or destroyed

nrg conversion in bio systems is never 100%, its good, but some is lost as heat

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3
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

w/o nrg input, all natural process tend toward DISPERSON OF ENERGY (disorder)

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4
Q

measure of disorder is…

A

entropy (S)

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5
Q

bomb calorimeter

A

can determine nrg avliable oxidation of rreduced compound

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6
Q

calorie

A

amount of heat nrg need to raise 1 kg water 1 degree C at 1 atmospheric pressure

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7
Q

total nrg potential of 1 gram glucose is…

A

SAME REGARDLESS OF METABOLIC PATH TAKEN

15.7 kJ of nrg

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8
Q

true or false: total amount of nrg availalble does NOT tell you if glucose ox is favorable or unfavorable

A

TRUE

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9
Q

to know if glucose oxidation is favorable or unfavorable…

A

know the change in GIBBS FREE ENERGY (delta G)

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10
Q

When delta S is greater than zero…

A

randomness is increasing

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11
Q

to restrain disorder from increasing…

A

nrg needs to be provided

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12
Q

in order to stay alive…

A

one must maintain order and prevent reaching equilibrium with the environment.

inc in entropy happens when a cell dies and its contentes equilibrate with environment

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13
Q

Ice melting as increase in entropy

A

at liquid state, the H bonds in the molecules break and reform more than when frozen

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14
Q

Delta G greater than zero…

A

reaction UNFAVORABLE

ENDERGONIC (reabsorbs energy)

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15
Q

Delta G less than zero

A

reaction FAVORABLE

EXERGONIC (releases energy)

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16
Q

Delta G = zero

A

reaction at EQUILIBRIUM

concs not changing (but the concs arent equal)

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17
Q

Gibbs free energy

A

relates enthalpy, temp, and entropy to predict SPONTANETIY of a reaction

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18
Q

enthalpy means

A

bonding

is represented by H

19
Q

Gibbs free energy equation

A

Delta G= Delta H-TDeltaS

20
Q

values of delta G tell whether favorable…

A

in DIRECTION WRITTEN

21
Q

DeltaG^0’ Conditions…

A 
1M starting conc of all reactants and products
298K
pH 7
1 atm
55M H2O

DeltaG^0’ is Standard Free Energy Change

22
Q

DeltaG^0’ is determined…

A

experimentally. ste up with standard conditions. add an enzyme (usually)

23
Q

note about enzymes…

A

enzymes change rate, NOT concentrations at the end

24
Q

DeltaG^0’ equation

A

DeltaG^0’=-RKlnKeq

R is gas constant

25
Q

Keq=

A

[product]eq/[reactant]eq

ratio of product and reactant concs when reaction has reached equilibrium

26
Q

DeltaG^0’ and Keq

A

CONSTANTS

if you have one, you can calculate the other

27
Q

Keq can tell you…

A

its a measure of reaction directionality, so it can tell you if reaction is favored

28
Q

Keq greater than one

A

product formation favored

exergonic

29
Q

Keq less than one

A

product formation UNfavored

endergonic

30
Q

What can be used to describe spontaneity of a reaction

A

Keq and DeltaG^0’

31
Q

endergonic when

A

Keq0

32
Q

exergonic when

A

Keqq>1

DeltaG^0’ <0

33
Q

DeltaG^0’ <0

A

reaction favorable in direction written

34
Q

DeltaG^0’ >0

A

reaction is UNfavorable in direction written

35
Q

change in free energy equation that takes into account standark free energy change

A

deltaG=DeltaG^0’ +RTlnQ

temp and concs can change now

when reaction is at eq, deltaG=0

36
Q

Q

A

[products]actual/[reactants]actual

37
Q

mass action ratio

A

Q

measure of actual concs of reactants and producs under actual conditions

38
Q

more negative delta G means…

A

more favorable

39
Q

Coupled reactions

A

share metabolic intermediates
product of one rxn may be unfavorable, but if coupled with a reaction that is favorable enough to make the total deltaG be negative, the overall reaction IS FAVORABLE (see slide 19 if needed)

40
Q

ATP Hydrolysis

A

phosphoryl transfer
used to drive reactions that are otherwise unfavorable

nrg in 2 ATP phosphoanhydride bonds to stim catalysis and metabolix flux

41
Q

ATP Hydrolysis ex: convert glutamate to glutamine

A 
use glutamine synthase
glutamate->glutamine= +14
ATP->ADP+Pi= -30
overall NEGATIVE (favorable)
SEE SLIDE 22
42
Q

so what exactly is ATP doing in ATP hydrolysis?

A

phosphoryl group is transferred on to an unstable compound

nrg is avliable from unstable compound’s hydrolysis, THATS what drives the process

KNOW that we are forming a phosphorylated intermediate and THATS what drives the reaction

43
Q

Adenylate System Energy Charge of the Cell

A 
tells how much nrg available in cell at given time
#phosphate bonds available for reaction

usually between 0.7 and 0.9 because of regulation of flux through anabolic and catabolic pathways

44
Q

Energy Charge Equation

A

([ATP] + .5[ADP])/[ATP]+[ADP]+[AMP]

Biochem 385 Unit 1 (13 decks)

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