Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Surgery 1 > Lecture 5: Antiseptics, Sterilization Methods, & Care of Surgical Equipment (Quiz) > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Antiseptics, Sterilization Methods, & Care of Surgical Equipment (Quiz) Flashcards

1
Q

What are common antiseptics used in vet med

A
  • 70% isopropyl alcohol
  • 2 - 4% chlorhexidine gluconate
  • 10% povidone-iodine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe alcohol used in vet med

A
  • Only effective against vegetative bacteria
  • Poor efficacy against spores, fungi, & viruses
  • Higher & more rapid kill rate than chlorhexidine & betadine
  • MOA: Denatures proteins
  • Mild de-fatting/greasing effect (used to improve contact in ultrasound)
  • Inactivated by most organic debris
  • No residual effect after evaporation
  • Toxic to the cornea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe alcohol when talking about scrubbing

A
  • The optimal concentration is 60 - 90%
  • Looses efficacy if diluted < 50%
  • Most common rinse but lowers body temp in small animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe isopropyl alcohol

A
  • Higher more rapid kill than chlorhexidine
  • Third best povidone-iodine
  • Can potentiate antimicrobial efficacy of providone - iodine (releases iodine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Elaborate on chlorhexidine gluconate

A
  • Rapid onset
  • Persistent effect
  • Binds to protein of stratum corneum
  • Residue kills bacteria exiting sebaceous glands, sweat glands, & hair follicles
  • Variable activity against viruses & fungi (not sporicidal)
  • Not affected by organic debris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the MOA of chlorhexidine gluconate

A
  • Low concentration = bacteriostatic (cell membrane disruption)
  • High concentration = bactericidal (coagulation/precipitation of cell contents)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Elaborate on Povidone-iodine

A
  • Elemental iodine + Polyvinylpyrrolidine
  • Iodine is released for antiseptic effects
  • Available as 10% solution (Dilution liberates iodine = bactericidal; must scrub @ least 2 mins to release iodine)
  • Bactericidal, viricidal, & fungicidal
  • Sporicidal w/ increased contact time
  • Organisms do not develop resistance
  • Short kill time @ low concentrations
  • Some inactivation by organic debris
  • Debatable residual activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the MOA of Povidone-iodine

A

Interferes w/ microorganism metabolism, protein synthesis, & alters cell membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the one-step product

A
  • Chloraprep - 2% chlorhexidine plus 70% isopropyl alcohol
  • Duraprep - povidone-iodine + 70% isopropyl alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe Ioban

A
  • Iodine impregnated adhesive drape
  • Apply after scrub & rinse w/ isopropyl alcohol
  • Decreases bacterial contamination @ time of surgery but does not seem to affect wound infection rates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the main points of chlorhexidine

A
  • Residual activity
  • Rapid removal of bacteria
  • Less inactivation by organic debris
  • Less irritating to skin (some people have significant intolerance to chlorhexidine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the main points of povidone-iodine

A
  • Performs comparably in surgical testing
  • Less expensive
  • Dependent on iodine release
  • Needs to be rinsed w/ alcohol
  • Stains skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fill out the chart

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe hydrogen peroxide

A
  • Broad spectrum, including bacterial spores
  • < 3% concentration damage tissues
  • Good for removing blood stains
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How should instruments be cared for

A
  • Tools of the trade (significant investment)
  • All instruments in opened back must be cleaned
  • Clean instruments as soon as possible after surgery
  • Inspect instruments for damage during cleaning process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is considered damaged instruments

A
  • Jaws do not align
  • Ratchet does not click when engages first tooth
  • Ratchet springs open when tapped on palm of hand
  • dull scissors
  • Needle drivers do not secure needle when locked on the 2nd ratchet
  • Obvious damage to metal surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can steam not penetrate

A

Organic materials like grease & dried blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does blood do to the surface

A
  • Corrodes the surface after 10 min contact time
  • Clean instruments during surgical procedure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of area should there be for instruments

A

An ideally dedicated “clean” area to care for instruments in the clinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the steps of cleaning before sterilization

A
  • Pre-cleaning
  • Cleaning
  • +/- lubricating
  • Packing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Label the parts

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Explain pre-cleaning

A
  • Necessary before any type of cleaning
  • Rinse w/ cold water
  • +/- pre rine w/ enzymatic detergent solution (can be used in place of manual cleaning; consult w/ the product for contact time usually 2 - 10 mins or 30 - 45 mins)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe cleaning

A
  • Hydrogen peroxide based detergents (cleaning + microbial killing to reduce bioburden prior to sterilization)
  • Detergent cleaning (water & moderately alkaline, low suds detergent)
  • Ultrasonic cleaning
  • Final rinse w/ de-ionized water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How should instruments be cleaning by hand

A
  • Open all boxes
  • Scrub w/ a brush
  • Oil prior to air drying
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Describe ultrasonic cleaning
* Open all instruments and/or take apart (need liquid to contact all surfaces) * Non-foaming enzymatic detergen solution * Clean through cavitation * Rinse after to remove debris
26
What is cavitation
* Process where high frequency vibratory waves form gas bubbles * Gas bubbles form & implode due to pressure waves which releases a shock of energy * Energy creates a mini vacuum that assists w/ cleaning
27
What is the proper labeling of packing instruments
* Content * Date of sterilization * Person packing
28
how should packs be packed w/ muslin wraps
Double layer w/ two wraps
29
What is important about pima cotton
* Smaller pore size * Re use up to 75 times
30
What are the main points of crepe paper
* Superior durability, handling & storage times
31
How should cellophane (plastic)/paper be used for packs
* single instruments * Should double wrap (esp. large or odd shapes) * Ends are heat sealed * Sharp points should be protected by plastic covers * Paper allows penetration of sterilizing medium
32
How should aluminum composite containers be used for packing
* Stackable * storage for up to 1 year * Thermal conductivity ensures dry contents * Steam, ethylene oxide, & gas plasma sterilization
33
What is the open shelf life of single wrapped muslin
2 days
34
What is the open shelf of double wrapped muslin
3 weeks
35
What is the open shelf life of crepe paper
3 weeks
36
What is the open shelf life of heat-sealed paper & transparent plastic pouches
At least a year
37
What are the physical methods of sterilization
* Thermal energy * Filtration * Radiation
38
What are the chemical methods of sterilization
* Glutaraldehyde * Ethylene oxide * Gas plasma * Peracetic acid
39
Describe dry heat thermal energy
* Kills by oxidation & desiccation * High temperature applied for time
40
Describe of moist heat sterilization
* Kills by protein coagulation & denaturation * Lower temperature applied for shorter time
41
what is the difference in different microbes
Different sensitivities to heat
42
Explain the physics behind thermal energy
* Bacterial death is logarithmic (time is as important as temperature) * pressurized steam increases temperature & water saturation which decreases sterilization time * Steam produces heat by condensation which increases the ability to penetrate porous objects
43
What is the most common method of sterilization in vet med & how does it work
* Autoclave * Steam pressure drives air out of pressure vessels (gravity displacement) * Newer autoclaves have vacuum system which decreases sterilization time and increase the coust of the autoclave ( pre vacumm is goof for flashing instruments) * Is critical to achieve condensation on all surfaces & prevent air from lowering the temperature of the steam
44
How should instruments be placed in the autoclave
* Bowls should face down or sideways * Valves left open * Loosely pack * Glass tubes seal w/ cotton plugs
45
What are the min guideline for sterilization
* Exposure = 15 mins * Temp = 121 degrees C * Pressure = 15 psi or 2 atm * Steam autoclave
46
What are the guidelines of emergency sterilization ("flashing")
* Exposure = 3 mins * Temp = 132 degrees C * Pre vacuum autoclave * Should not be used for implants (plates/screws; is a risk of infection)
47
What are chemical autoclave indicators
* Undergo color change upon exposure to sterilizing temperatures * Usually sensitive to time & temperature
48
What are biologic autoclave indicators
Culture heat resistant bacterial spores after sterilization
49
T/F: Indicator tape does not inform on sterility
True
50
What is the use of filtration for physical sterilization
* Air supply to surgery suite (laminal flow ventilation) * Preparation of medications * Small volumes of solution
51
Describe laminar air filtering system
* Air flows (.5 m/sec) over "clean" area through HEPA filter * Exhausted out peripherally & air is re-circulated * Decreases airborne bacterial count * Uncommon in vet surgery suits
52
What do depth filters do
* Trap by a combo of random absorption & mechanical entrapment
53
How to screen filters filter
By pore size
54
Explain using radiation as a physical sterilization
* Surgical materials that are sensitive to heat or chemical sterilization * Damages DNA & RNA * Can change composition of plastics & pharmaceuticals * Industrial use
55
Explain ethylene oxide for chemical sterilization
* Flammable & explosive liquid - effective @ sterilization (mixed w/ CO2 or freon) * Good for equipment that can not withstand high heat or pressure (endoscopes, cameras, plastics, & power cables)
56
What are the recommendations of ethylene oxide
* Temp = 120 to 140 degrees F * Humidity = 20 to 40 % * Airation in a ventilated room for 7 days or 12 to 18 H in an airator
57
Is ethylene oxide toxic to people
Yes
58
Explain using gas plasma for chemical sterilization
* Liquid hydrogen peroxide is changed to vapor * Wrap in plastic pouches or nonwoven polypropylene fabric
59
What are the advantages of gas plasma
* Sterilize @ low temps & short time intervals * no aeration * Available right away * Safe
60
What is gas plasma used for
* Stainless steel * Aluminum * Brass * Silicone * Teflon * Latex * Polyethylene * Polypropylene * PVC * Polymethymethacrylate
61
What is gas plasma not used for
* Anything that will absorb H2O2 * Linen * Gauze * Wood * Paper * Endoscopes * Some plastics * Items that can't be disassembled * catheters > 12 in * Anything < 3 mm diameter
62
Explain the use of peracetic acid for chemical sterilization
* Kills bacteria, viruses, fungi, & spores * 10 to 15 min contact * 0.09% concentration * Does not create biofilm * Not affect by organic material * Can remove glutaraldehyde-hardened material from biopsy chamber
63
What are STERIS system 1 E
* 25 min sterilization cycle * Flexible endoscopes
64
What is the MOA of Glutaraldehyde
* Protein & nucleic acid denaturation * bactericidal, fungicidal, & viricidal ( > 10 H for sporidical; effectiveness pH, temp, & is concentration dep * Antimicrobial activity increases w/ temp & decreases w/ organic material
65
Explain how glutaraldehyde is a tissue irritant
* Sensitivity/allergic reactions * Rinse w/ sterile water prior to use * Vapors cause mucous membrane irritation
66
Explain Glutaraldehyde
* Most effective @ alkaline pH but this reduces shelf-life * added activator (colored) * Quality control w/ test strips (dilution over time from water off instruments & activator solution) * Prolonged use may corrode metal & some plastics & can create biofilms
67
What are the used glutaraldehyde
* Equipment that cannot be exposed to heat (not as effective as ethylene oxide) * Quick sterilization of dropped instrument (10 to 15 min soak time) * General cleaning
68
How should instruments be cared for in the field
* Clean after procedures w/ water from the truck * Instruments kept in chlorhexidine or providone iodine (during surgery, not recommended to store like this, & not sterile)

Surgery 1 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions