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Biomaterials > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Immunocompetent

A

able to distinguish self (tolerance) and non self (activation)

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2
Q

Where are WBC produced?

A

Bone marrow

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3
Q

Where are set up the immune response?

A

Immune response is set up in primary and secondary lymphoid organs

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4
Q

Primary lymphoid organs

A

BM: fabrication. Thymus: T cell differentiation

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5
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs

A

Tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes

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6
Q

Lymphatic velles

A

recirculation between secondary lymphoid organs and tissues

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7
Q

Innative vs Adaptive immune response

A

Innate: 0-12 hours. Skin. Epithetlial barriers, phagocytes, dendritic cells, NK cells
Adaptive: 12 hours -5 days. Humoral (B lymphocytes -> antibodies). Cellular (T lymphocytes -> effector T cells)

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8
Q

Epidermis cells

A

CD8+ T cells, langerhans cells

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9
Q

Dermis cells

A

Dermal DC, CD4+ T cell, ILC, macrophage,

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10
Q

How does the epithelia protect?

A
  • physical barrier (hermetic)
  • chemical
    antimicrobial products (lysozym)
    acid pH
  • Immune cells patrolling
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11
Q

Mastocytes

A
  • Tissue-resident cells
  • Detection of non self agents in tissue
  • Activated by receptors recognizing general motifs on pathogens PRR (Pattern Recognition Receptors)
  • Instigate inflammation
  • Receptor of IgE (allergies)
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12
Q

Macrophages

A
  • Detection of non self agents in tissue
  • Activated by unspecific receptors : PRR
  • phagocytosis : « eat & digest » pathogenes, dead cells
  • long survival
  • pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion => recruitment of other immune cells
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13
Q

Neutrophiles

A
  • 1st recruited cells from blood to the inflammed tissue
  • Most abundant immune cells in blood but short lifetime (few hours)
  • Detection of non self agents in tissue
  • Activated by unspecific receptors : PRR
  • phagocytosis : « eat & digest » pathogens, dead cells
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14
Q

Monocytes

A
  • monocytes exit from the blood
  • Join injured tissue
  • Differentiate into macrophages
  • same properties as resident macrophages
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15
Q

Natural Killer cells

A
  • Cytotoxic lymphocytes : perforine, granzyme
  • kill infected or cancerous cells
  • Produce pro-inflammatory cytokines
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16
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Ubiquitanous & polyvalent

  • Antigen capture
  • phagocytosis
  • Antigen presentating cells (APC)
  • Initiate adaptive immune response by activating T cells
17
Q

Dendritic cells are the bridge between

A

innate & adaptive parts

18
Q

Cytokines

A
  • molecular signal for intercellular communication
  • Secreted by activated cells
  • Recognized by a specific receptor
  • autocrine or paracrine stimulation
  • Various cellular responses (survival/apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, mobility, cytokine secretion…)
19
Q

Pro-inflammatory cytokines

A

Pro-inflammatory: IL1b, TNFa, IL8, IL6 Fever, CRP synthesis by liver, vasodilation, leukocyte diapedesis and activation

20
Q

Anti-inflammatory cytokines

A

Anti-inflammatory: IL10, TGFb inflammation resolution

21
Q

Activation cascade of inflammation

A

3 functions - activation of phagocytosis (PMN and macrophages)

  • osmotic lysis of pathogenic microbes (massive entrance of water)
  • stimulation of inflammation (anaphylotoxines produced during activation cascade)
22
Q

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A

“heat, Redness, Swelling, Pain, Loss of function”

23
Q

Three phases of inflammation

A

Initial: vascular activation of primary effectors, recruitment of circulatory inflammatory cells (redness, heat, pain, swlling)
Amplification: Mobilisation of other immune cells, pus formation. Chemotaxis of lipid mediators, Cytokines, Chimiokines, anaphylatoxines
Repair: re-epithelialization, reconstruction fo matrix, neovascularization

24
Q

Lipoxin, resolvins, protectins & maresins are ___ factors

A

anti-inflammatory. DECREASE neutrophil, INCREASE monocytes, INCREASE macrophages. Eliminate apoptotic neutrophils

25
Q

B cells activate after ____, they are synthesized in the ____

A

non self antigen encounter

lymph nodes

26
Q

Immunoglobulines = antibodies

A

Y-shape

- Hypervariable domains -> Antigen binding - Constant domains -> activation of cells and complement

27
Q

T cells recognize peptides

A
  • Antigen degradation by an APC

- Presentation of Antigen by a specific molecule MHC (Major Histocompatibility complex)

28
Q

2 types of T cells

A
  • CD8+ -> cytotoxic T cells -> CMH I

- CD4+ -> Helper T cells -> CMH II

29
Q

Actived CD8+ T cells

=>

A

multiplication

30
Q

Activated CD4 T cells

=>

A
  • cytokine production

- Expression of co-activation molecules

Biomaterials (10 decks)

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