Lecture 5/6/7 Flashcards
What is a polyploidy?
an additional chromosome in a complete set of chromosomes (ex: 3N, 4N, etc.)
What is an autopolyploidy?
a polyploidy that occurs in homologous chromosomes
How does an autopolyploidy reproduce?
the gametes of autopolyploidies are sterile
What are allopolyploids?
polyploids that are the result of a cross between 2 different species
What does an allopolyploid result in when reproducing?
hybrid is sterile, but can undergo spontaneous chromosome duplication and become fertile
What is aneuploidy?
variation in individual chromosomes, eg. trisomy, monosomy, etc.
What is nullisomy and tetrasomy?
2n - 2 and 2n +2
How does aneuploidy occur?
through nondisjunction in anaphase 1 or mesosis one or two
What is inversion?
chromosome rearrangement when a sequence is flipped, causes a loop in chromosome when pairing
What is translocation?
chromosome rearrangement when one segment moves from one area to another or another chromosome
What is Robertsonian translocation?
formed when two nonhomologous chromosomes fuse at theri centromere to make one large arm
Why is hypoploidy vs hyperploidy?
hypoploidy - less genetic material
hyperploidy - more genetic material
