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Respiratory Physiology > Lecture 5 & 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 & 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Henry’s Law?

A

Amount of Gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in the liquid

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2
Q

How is most of the Oxygen in the body transported?

A

It is bound to the Hemoglobin in RBCs

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3
Q

What is the Oxygen Carrying Capacity of Hemoglobin (Binding Capacity)?

A

Roughly 1.34 mL O2/ g of Hb

-SIDENOTE: Max would be 1.39 mL O2/g of Hb

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4
Q

What does 100% Capillary Saturation refer to?

A

It means that Hb is is fully saturated with O2 to its max carrying capacity of 1.39 mL O2/g of Hb

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5
Q

How do you calculate the Oxygen Saturation of Hemoglobin and what is a typical arterial blood O2 saturation?

A
  1. (O2 bound to HB/O2 Capacity) x 100

2. High 90s (around 97.5%)

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6
Q

What is the formula for Arterial O2 Content?

A

CaO2= (Hb×SaO2×1.34)+(paO2×0.003)(per 100 mL)

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7
Q

What is the formula for Oxygen Delivery?

A

DO2 = CaO2 × CO × 10 (per L)

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8
Q

How does pH change from the normal 7.4 to 7.0 affect Hemoglobin binding to O2?

A
  1. Acidosis (lower pH) leads to WEAKER binding and QUICKER release of O2
  2. Slope shifts RIGHT
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9
Q

How does pH change from the normal 7.4 to 7.8 affect Hemoglobin binding to O2?

A
  1. Alkalosis (increased pH) leads to BETTER binding and LESS release of O2
  2. Slope shifts LEFT
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10
Q

What are the properties of the Hb-O2 Dissociation Curve?

A
  1. Sigmoidal Shape
  2. Steep up to P50 (50% saturated around 26.5 mmHg)
  3. Flat at the top
  4. Shift left means bad dissociation
  5. Shift right means better dissociation
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11
Q

What are some causes of a LEFT Shift in the Oxygen Dissociation Curve (slower dissociation)?

A
  1. Alakalosis
  2. CO
  3. Low CO2 (in lung)
  4. Lower Temp (in lung)
  5. Lower 2,3-DPG (in lung)
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12
Q

What are some causes of a RIGHT Shift in the Oxygen Dissociation Curve (better dissociation)?

A
  1. Acidosis
  2. Higher CO2
  3. Higher Temp
  4. Higher 2,3-DPG
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13
Q

Where is effect of pH greater, at the Arterial Point or the Venous Point?

A

Arterial Point

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14
Q

Does Anemia (decreased RBCs) change the O2 saturation of Hb?

A
  1. NO, All available Hb are 100% saturated

2. The amount of Hemoglobin able to transport O2 is reduced though

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15
Q

Why is CO’s effect on Hb unique?

A

CO not only shifts the curve to the left, it also drops the max

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16
Q

How is CO2 transported in the body?

A
  1. 10% as gas
  2. Combines with H2O and dissociates into H+ and HCO3-
  3. 30% blood proteins like Hb
17
Q

What is the Haldane Effect?

A

Reducing Hb helps to load CO2 in the tissue and unload the CO2 in the lung to be breathed out

18
Q

What is the difference between the CO2 and the O2 Dissociation Curve?

A
  1. CO2 curve is more linear

2. Larger CO2 concentration change for smaller change in pressure

19
Q

How does the lung regulate Acid made from metabolic processes and rises in paCO2?

A
  1. Lung excretes most acid in the body daily

2. Hyperventilation drops the paCO2

20
Q

What is Acidosis?

A
  1. Low pH (below 7.4)

2. More H+ and less Bicarbonate

21
Q

What is Alkalosis?

A
  1. High pH (above 7.4)

2. More Bicarbonate and less H+

22
Q

What are the values of Ideal Arterial Blood Gas?

A
  1. pH= 7.4
  2. pCO2= 40 mmHg
  3. Bicarb (HCO3-)= 24 meq/L
  4. Base Excess= 0 (-1 to +1)
  5. paO2= 95-100 mmHg
  6. Anion Gap 10-15
23
Q

What is the formula for Anion Gap?

A

Anion Gap= Sum of Cations- Sum of Anions

-(Na + K) - (HCO3 + Cl)

24
Q

What are some disorders caused by an INCREASED Anion Gap?

A

Value ABOVE 10-15 could cause:

  1. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
  2. Lactic Acidosis
  3. Uremia
  4. Methyl Alcohol Poisoning
25
Q

What are some disorders caused by an DECREASED Anion Gap?

A

Value BELOW 10-15 could cause:

1. Heavy Metal Poisoning

26
Q

What happens in Respiratory Acidosis?

A
  1. Decrease in pH
  2. Increase in pCO2
  3. Increased Bicarbonate
27
Q

What happens in Respiratory Alkalosis?

A
  1. Increase in pH
  2. Decrease in pCO2
  3. Decreased Bicarbonate
28
Q

Respiratory Issues are driven by what factor?

A

Changes in CO2

29
Q

Metabolic Issues are driven by what factor?

A

Changes in Bicarbonate

30
Q

What happens in Metabolic Acidosis?

A
  1. Decreased pH
  2. Decreased pCO2
  3. Decreased Bicarbonate
31
Q

What happens in Metabolic Alkalosis?

A
  1. Increased pH
  2. Increased pCO2
  3. Increased Bicarbonate
32
Q

If the Problem is Respiratory, what is the Compensation?

A

Metabolic Compensation

33
Q

If the Problem is Metabolic, what is the Compensation?

A

Respiratory Compensation

Respiratory Physiology (5 decks)

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