Lecture 5&6

Question 1

Sequence of the stages of cellular respiration

Answer 1

Glycolysis - Kreb’s Cycle- Electron Transport Chain

Question 2

In cellular respiration, carbohydrate is oxidized completely and produces?

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 3

One glucose molecule yields ________NADH in glycolysis, _______ in the transition stage, ______ and in Kreb’s Cycle

Answer 3

2;2;6

Question 4

What glycolytic pathway is utilized by Escherichia coli?

Answer 4

Embden- Meyerhof-Parnas
Entner- Doudoroff pathway

Question 5

Characteristics of an enzyme

Answer 5

-highly specific
-they are usually proteins
-they have an active site

Question 6

Which of the ff is not a requirement for metabolism to occur

carbon source
oxygen source
energy source
electron source

Answer 6

oxygen source

Question 7

fermentation type-fermentation product pairing

Answer 7

mixed acid fermentation-vitamins

Question 8

Mechanism of bacterial DNA replication is?

Answer 8

Bidirectional and semiconservative

Question 9

Give one characteristic of fermentation

Answer 9

Pyruvate is the common terminal electron acceptor (di ko sure)

Question 10

Which of the following is not a product of of heterolactic fermentation

Lactic acid
ethanol
acetic acid
carbon dioxide
methane
all of the above

Answer 10

all of the above

Question 11

Genes code for functional products such as proteins and RNAs. T/F

Answer 11

True

Question 12

A nucleotide is composed of pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base attached to _________ of the sugar, and a phosphate group linked to the ________________of the sugar

Answer 12

C1’
C5’

Question 13

Both DNA replication and transcription proceeds in the 5’ to 3’ direction. T/F

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Repression prevents expression of genes and is mediated by a repressor protein that inhibits transcription. T/F

Answer 14

True

Question 15

T/F. Mutation could be a caused by a mutagen or could occur spontaneously.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

A virus genetic material is

Answer 16

either DNA or RNA

Question 17

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in genetic material

Answer 17

prokaryotic DNA is complexed with associated proteins while that of eukaryotes are with histones (mag provide ug structural support)

tho naa pay mas daghan jud

Question 18

Transformation is ?

Answer 18

transfer of “naked” DNA from one bacterium to another

Question 19

Sequence of lytic viral replication

Answer 19

1. Receptors attaches to host
2. Virus injects genetic material
3. Viral genetic material takes command of host cell
4. New viral components are made
5. New viruses assemble
6. Cell lysis

Question 20

RNA processing step

Answer 20

1.Capping at the 5’ end
2.Addition of a poly(A) tail at the 3’ end
3. Splicing to remove introns

Question 21

T/F. Glycolysis generates more ATP than is generated in oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 21

False

Question 22

T/F. In glycolysis, ATP is generated by substrate- level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 22

False

Question 23

T/F. Catabolism of amino acids yields proteins

Answer 23

False

Question 24

T/F. Carbon dioxide serves as an electron acceptor for methanogen anaerobic respiration

Answer 24

True

Question 25

T/F. Emden- Meyerhof-Parnas glycolytic pathway produces more energy than Entner-Doudoroff pathway

Answer 25

True

Question 26

T/F. Methanococcus reduces carbon dioxide to methane using electrons from hydrogen gas

Answer 26

True

Question 27

T/F. All autotrophic microorganisms are photosynthetic

Answer 27

False

Question 28

T/F. Constitutive genes are regulated and are only expressed when needed

Answer 28

False

Question 29

T/F. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria is encoded in R factors or R plasmids

Answer 29

True

Question 30

T/F. RNA viruses mutate at a higher rate than DNA viruses

Answer 30

True

Question 31

T/F. Some antiviral drugs are chemical mutagens

Answer 31

True

Question 32

T/F. COVID-19 virus is retrovirus thus it has RNA as its genetic material and the enzyme reverse transcriptase.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE Oxidative phosphorylation is ATP production by transferring an organic molecule's high energy phosphate group to ADP

Answer 33

False; organic- inorganic

Question 34

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE In aerobic cellular respiration, oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE Anabolic reactions are exergonic reactions as it requires energy

Answer 35

False; exergonic- endergonic

Question 36

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE Fatty acid catabolism is through beta oxidation

Answer 36

True

Question 37

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE Pseudomonas aeruginosa use the Emden-Meyerhof-Parnas glycolytic pathwat.

Answer 37

False; Emden-Meyerhof-Parnas glycolytic pathwat - Entner–Doudoroff pathway

Question 38

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE Cyanobacteria are anoxygenic photoautotrophs

Answer 38

False- anoxygenic-oxygenic

Question 39

An organism that uses carbon dioxide as its source and proteins as its energy source is categorized as?

Answer 39

Chemoautotrophs

Question 40

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE Transfer RNA carries genetic the genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

Answer 40

False; Transfer- Messenger

Question 41

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE Lac operon is an example of an inducible operon

Answer 41

True

Question 42

T/F. A phrophage is a viral DNA inserted into a host chromosome

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Is a sequence of nucleotides at the promoter and found at the -10 position of the bacterial transcription site

Answer 43

Pribnow box

Question 44

T/F. X-rays and gamma rays are ionizing radiation that cause electrons to pop out of their usual shells.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE An operon includes regulatory genes, the promoter and operator sites, and the structural genes they control

Answer 45

False; regulatory genes- regulatory sites