Lecture 5-6

Question 1

History of the internet

Answer 1

Sputnik makes USA create ARPAnet (Advanced Researchers Projects Agency)
This turns into MILnet (military) and ARPAnet (university)
Protocols are developed to ensure efficient communication between the diff nodes
TC/IP protocol –> creation of internet

Question 2

TC/IP protocol

Answer 2

Transmission control/Internet protocol
single packet of info is broken down into small packages, these travel individually, and are reconstructed at destination

Question 3

HTTP

Answer 3

Hyper text transfer protocol
Allows communication between web servers and clients: through hyperlinks

Question 4

Browsers

Answer 4

Retrieve/transfer info from world wide web in a visible and user-friendly way
E.g. Chrome

Question 5

IP Address

Answer 5

Means to clearly identify one computer in whole network
E.g. 172.210.0.01

Question 6

DNS

Answer 6

Domain Name System
Naming system that associates info with domain names, which are allocated to specific entities

Question 7

Self-regulatory agencies

Answer 7

Private entities that handle crucial functions on the internet
E.g. ICANN - IANA - ISOC

Question 8

Problems of self-regulatory agencies

Answer 8

Self-emerged and self-regulated, therefore no accountability
Controversies are solved internally

ICANN does not derive power from nation-states therefore gap in accountability framework

Question 9

Jurisdiction types

Answer 9

• Prescriptive jurisdiction - right of the state legislature to create, amend, or repeal
  legislation
• Enforcement jurisdiction - right of the state authorities to enforce legislation
• Adjudicative jurisdiction - right of the state courts to hear and decide matters
  concerning the application of the law

Question 10

Role of courts as ‘substitute’ regulators

Answer 10

• ↓ unwillingness (or incapability) of states to intervene and regulate the internet
• ↑ increase importance of the courts that are called to solve cases concerning the
  violation of rights across the Internet
• Not possible to leave the internet unconstrained
• Violations on the Internet have an impact on the real world.