Lecture 5 Flashcards
What formula is used for finding probability of independent events?
(p^k)[(1-p)^(n-k)] p = probability of event k = number of desired outcomes n = total number trails Ex. p(3 purple, 1 white) = (.75)^3 x (.25)^1 = 27/256
What formula is used to calculate number of ways to reach the same outcome?
n!/[k!(n-k)!]
Ex. 4!/3!(1!) = 4 –> pppw, ppwp, pwpp, wppp
What formula is used for finding probability of unordered events?
(p^k)[(1-p)^(n-k)] times n!/[k!(n-k)!]
What is a conditional event?
The probability that a second event happens, given that the first already has
For a family with two children, what is the probability that both are girls, given that at least one is a girl?
1/3
GG, GB, BG, BB
What is characteristic of autosomal recessive inheritance? Example?
-Two unaffected parents can have affected offspring
-Two affected parents only have affected offspring
-Inbreeding boosts affected individuals
-Males and females equally affected
Example: phenylketonuria, PTC testing
What is characteristic of autosomal dominant inheritance? Example?
-Two unaffected individuals can’t have affected offspring*
-Two affected parents could have unaffected offspring
-Tends to appear in every generation
-Males and females equally affected
Example: Achondroplasia (growth factor defect)
What is characteristic of X linked recessive inheritance? Example?
-More males than females are affected
-Affected females require both parents to carry condition
-Affected males require only mother to be a carrier
-Condition traces female carriers and affected males
Example: color blindness, hemophilia
What is characteristic of X linked dominant inheritance?
- Males pass trait to all daughters, no sons
- Heterozygous females pass to half of sons and daughters
- Homozygous females pass to all offspring
What is characteristic of Y linked inheritance? Example?
Exclusively father to son transmission
Example: hairy ear rim