Lecture 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What formula is used for finding probability of independent events?

A
(p^k)[(1-p)^(n-k)]
p = probability of event
k = number of desired outcomes
n = total number trails
Ex. p(3 purple, 1 white) = (.75)^3 x (.25)^1 = 27/256
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2
Q

What formula is used to calculate number of ways to reach the same outcome?

A

n!/[k!(n-k)!]

Ex. 4!/3!(1!) = 4 –> pppw, ppwp, pwpp, wppp

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3
Q

What formula is used for finding probability of unordered events?

A

(p^k)[(1-p)^(n-k)] times n!/[k!(n-k)!]

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4
Q

What is a conditional event?

A

The probability that a second event happens, given that the first already has

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5
Q

For a family with two children, what is the probability that both are girls, given that at least one is a girl?

A

1/3

GG, GB, BG, BB

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6
Q

What is characteristic of autosomal recessive inheritance? Example?

A

-Two unaffected parents can have affected offspring
-Two affected parents only have affected offspring
-Inbreeding boosts affected individuals
-Males and females equally affected
Example: phenylketonuria, PTC testing

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7
Q

What is characteristic of autosomal dominant inheritance? Example?

A

-Two unaffected individuals can’t have affected offspring*
-Two affected parents could have unaffected offspring
-Tends to appear in every generation
-Males and females equally affected
Example: Achondroplasia (growth factor defect)

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8
Q

What is characteristic of X linked recessive inheritance? Example?

A

-More males than females are affected
-Affected females require both parents to carry condition
-Affected males require only mother to be a carrier
-Condition traces female carriers and affected males
Example: color blindness, hemophilia

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9
Q

What is characteristic of X linked dominant inheritance?

A
  • Males pass trait to all daughters, no sons
  • Heterozygous females pass to half of sons and daughters
  • Homozygous females pass to all offspring
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10
Q

What is characteristic of Y linked inheritance? Example?

A

Exclusively father to son transmission

Example: hairy ear rim

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