Lecture 5

Question 1

BONE COLLAR FORMATION

Answer 1

1. ) PERIOSTEUM FORMS AROUND HYALINE CARTILAGE MODEL
2. ) OSTEOGENIC STEM CELLS DIFFERENTIATE INTO OSTEOBLASTS
3. ) OSTEOBLASTS SECRETE OSTEOIDS ON OUTSIDE OF CARTILAGE
4. ) MINERALIZATION YIELDS BONE COLLAR FORMATION

Question 2

EPIPHYSEAL OSSIFICATION

Answer 2

SAME AS 1˚ OSSIFICATION BUT….
SPONGY BONE IS FORMED INSTEAD OF COMPACT BONE
HYALINE CARTILAGE IN EPIPHYSIS YIELDS ARTICULAR CARTILAGE ON THE END OF THE BONE

Question 3

MESENCHYME CELLS

Answer 3

LOOSELY ASSOCIATED CELLS THAT LACK POLARITY SURROUNDED BY A LARGE ECM
MULTIPOTENT (CAN YIELD LYMPHATIC SYSTEM, CIRCULATORY SYSTEM TISSUES, AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE - BONE/CARTILAGE)

Question 4

CARTILAGE TYPES

Answer 4

HYALIN CARTILAGE -STARTS AS CHONDROBLASTS => CARTILAGE MATRIX

2. ) FIBROCARTILAGE -INVERTEBRAL DISKS AND TENDON INSERTION SITES
3. ) ELASTIC CARTILAGE - OUTER EAR AND EPIGLOTTUS

Question 5

BRANCHIAL ARCHES

Answer 5

6 IN MAMMALIAN SPECIES - ORGANIZE AND CONTAIN COMPONENTS THAT FORM CARTILAGE, NERVE, MUSCLE, AND ARTERIES IIN THE HEAD AND NECK REGION

Question 6

ARCH STRUCTURE

Answer 6

1. ) ARCH - CORE MESENCHYME CONSISTS OF MESODERM (NEURAL CREST CELLS - ECTODERMAL ORIGIN)
2. ) POUCH - SEPARATES ARCHES INTERNALLY (1ST PAIR => TYMPANIC MEMBRANE)
3. ) CLEFT - SEPARATES ARCHES EXTERNALLY (1ST PAIR => EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS)

Question 7

BRANCHIAL ARCH #1

Answer 7

INNERVATED BY THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE (V) RESPONSIBLE FOR MUSCLES OF MASTICATION AND ANYTHING THAT TOUCHES FACE (MOTOR/SENSORY)
FORMS MECKEL’S CARTILAGE

Question 8

MECKEL’S CARTILAGE

Answer 8

FORMS

SPHENOMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT, MALLEUS, INCUS, AND FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAN./MAX.

Question 9

BRANCHIAL ARCH #2

Answer 9

DEVELOPS INTO LESSER HORN OF HYOID BONE AND UPPER 1/2 OF BODY
FORMS REICHERT’S CARTILAGE
INNERVATED BY FACIAL NERVE (VII) - RESPONSIBLE FOR MUSCLES OF THE FACE (I.E. SMILING FROWNING) (MOTOR)

Question 10

REICHERT’S CARTILAGE

Answer 10

STAPES, STYLOID PROCESS, STYLOMASTOID LIGAMENT

Question 11

BRANCHIAL ARCH #3

Answer 11

DEVELOPES INTO GREATER HORN OF HYOID BONE AND LOWER 1/2 OF BODY
INNERVATED BY GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (IX) - RESPONSIBLE FOR SENSATION IN THE POSTERIOR PART OF THE TONGUE, PHARYNX, TONSILS (SENSORY)