Lecture 5 Flashcards
How does the articulatory subsystem operate?
The vocal tract modifies the incoming sound energy through constrictions at various points
What does articulation ability rely on?
The speaker to have fast and efficient neuromuscular control, in order to achieve an appropriate sequence of movements within the mouth
What are 3 ways of measuring articulation?
VOT
Formant transitions
DDK tasks
VOT
Measures the timing, and therefore the coordination of the stop release
Formant transitions
Are known to correlate to tongue movement and/or control. Speakers with a neurological condition will have difficulty in moving the tongue very far or very quickly, and therefore will have LONGER and FLATTER transitions than regular speakers
DDK tasks
Measures the maximum speed and duration that a person can perform opening and closing articulatory gestures - a measure of coordination
What is resonance?
The movement of the velum (open or closed) determines if air is released through the oral or nasal cavity. If the velum is inadequately closed, then the intra-oral air pressure will decrease (because volume has increased) and therefore other sounds may be weaker/distorted.
Needs to be coordinated with the articulators.
Should the velum be raised or lowered for non-nasal sounds?
Raised - to close the entry to the nasal passage and therefore block nasal airflow
What are three measures of resonance?
- Nasalance
- Measures of repetition rates of words loaded with nasals and stops
- Measures of airflow and air pressure
Nasalance
The ratio of acoustic energy from the NASAL passage to the TOTAL acoustic energy
Repetition rates of words loaded with nasals and stops
E.g. “pamper” - evaluates the speaker’s velopharyngeal control
Aerophone
Measure the airflow and air pressure in the nasal and oral cavities respectively. If the speaker cannot adequately close their velum then pressure in the oral cavity will be lower than normal
